UDC 657:336.1; JEL Н83, M41
Nashkerska, M. M. (2023). Pidkhody do vyznachennya osnovnykh napryamiv analizu finansovoho stanu byudzhetnoyi ustanovy [Approaches to determining the main areas of analysis of the financial condition of a budgetary institution]. In Sotsial'no-ekonomichni problemy suchasnoho periodu Ukrayiny [Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine]: Vol. 162 (4) (pp. 35-39). DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2023-4-6 [in Ukrainian].
Sources: 15

Authors



Nashkerska Mariya Mykolayivna

Ph.D. of Economics

Associate Professor of the Department of accounting and analysis of the Institute of Economics and Management of the Lviv Polytechnic National University

Contacts: nashkerska@gmail.com

Webpages:

Resume

This article examines the views of national researchers on the content of the term «financial condition of an enterprise» and «financial condition of a budgetary institution». The differences in assessing the financial condition of an enterprise and a budgetary institution are examined. The reason for the differences is the purpose of creation and the specifics of functioning of budgetary institutions and enterprises or other business entities. Since an enterprise is created by its owners to earn money and generate profit, it is important to assess the financial condition of the enterprise: liquidity and ability to maintain solvency, balance between financial resilience and risks, business activity, and ability to increase financial results. A budgetary institution is established by a decision of a local or state authority to carry out state functions. A budgetary institution is mainly financed from local or state budgets and provides services to the public (on a free or partially paid basis) and has the status of a non-profit organization. Therefore, when analyzing the financial condition of a budgetary institution, it is important to assess the amount of income and its sufficiency to perform its functions, as well as the structure of spending. The solvency of a budgetary institution will be assessed by the timeliness of the receipt of funds to cover the costs incurred in the performance of the functions assigned to the institution. Thus, the analysis of the financial condition of a budgetary institution is understood as an assessment of the level of financial resources for the timely and full performance of its functions. The financial situation of a budgetary institution can be assessed by a system of indicators that characterize the sources of receipt, allocation, and use of financial resources. Based on the understanding of the essence of the financial position of a budgetary institution, the article suggests analyzing its financial condition in the following areas: – analysis of the availability of resources (fixed assets, material resources, labor resources) in the institution; analysis of revenues (revenues to the general fund, revenues to the special fund from various sources); analysis of expenditures (allocation of funds – investment of general fund assets in current or capital assets; investment of the special fund assets in current or capital assets); analysis of budget execution (analysis of cash and actual expenditures, comparative analysis of actual budget execution data with planned budget items); capital analysis (analysis of capital structure; structural and dynamic analysis of equity, including assessment of financial result (deficit or surplus financial result), targeted financing, determination of the level of financial security; assessment of financial resilience of the institution); cash and cash flow analysis (analysis of cash, cash flow, receivables and payables). Each of these areas requires the development of a group of reasonable indicators, the calculation and interpretation of which will form the information base for judging and drawing conclusions about the financial condition of the institution.

Keywords:

budgetary institution, financial condition, incomes, expenses, budget, equity

References


1. Bolyukh, M. A., & Zarosylo, A. P. (2008). Analiz finansovo-hospodars’koyi diyal’nosti byudzhetnykh ustanov [Analysis of financial and economic activity of budgetary institutions]: Manual. K.: KNEU. [in Ukrainian].
2. Yaryshko, O. V., & Tkachenko, Ye. Yu. (2008). Finansovyy analiz diyal’nosti byudzhetnoyi ustanovy [Financial analysis of budget organization]. In Visnyk Zaporiz’koho natsional’noho universytetu: Ekonomichni nauky [Bulletin of Zaporizhzhіa National University: Economic sciences]: Vol. 1(3) (pp. 174-180). [in Ukrainian].
3. Rekova, N. Yu., & Kononenko, O. L. (2019). Udoskonalennya metodychnoho pidkhodu do analizu finansovoyi zvitnosti byudzhetnykh ustanov [Improving the methodological approach to the analysis of financial statements of budgetary institutions]. Efektyvna ekonomika – Efficient economy, 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32702/2307-2105-2019.2.18 [in Ukrainian].
4. Pro zatverdzhennya Polozhennya pro poryadok zdiysnennya analizu finansovoho stanu pidpryyemstv, shcho pidlyahayut’ pryvatyzatsiy [On the approval of the Regulation on the procedure for the analysis of the financial condition of enterprises subject to privatization] (2001). Order of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine and the State Property Fund of Ukraine, adopted on 2001, Jan 26, 49/121. Legislation of Ukraine: Website. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0121-01#Text [in Ukrainian].
5. Mnykh, Ye. V. (2011). Ekonomichnyy analiz [Economic analysis]: Textbook. K.: Knowledge. [in Ukrainian].
6. Zahorodniy, A. H., & Voznyuk, H. L. (2021). Finansovo-ekonomichnyy slovnyk [Financial and economic dictionary]. 3rd ed., add. and processing. Lviv: Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic. [in Ukrainian].
7. Tsal-Tsalko, Yu. S. (2004). Statystychnyy analiz finansovoyi zvitnosti: teoriya praktyka ta interpretatsiya [Statistical analysis of financial statements: theory, practice and interpretation]. Zhytomyr: Zhytomyr State Technological University. [in Ukrainian].
8. Kindratska, H. I., Zahorodniy, A. H., & Kulynyak, Yu. I. (2017). Analiz hospodars’koyi diyal’nosti [Analysis of economic activity]: Manual. Lviv: Western Ukrainian Consulting Center. [in Ukrainian].
9. Shynkarenko, O. M., & Mychak, N. O. (2013). Osoblyvosti metodyky analizu dokhodiv i vydatkiv byudzhetnoyi ustanovy [Peculiarities of the methodology for analyzing income and expenditure of budgetary institutions]. In Pidpryyemnytstvo i torhivlya [Entrepreneurship and trade]: Vol. 15 (pp. 198-203). Retrieved from http://journals-lute.lviv.ua/journal/15_2013/45.pdf [in Ukrainian].
10. Kononenko, O. L. (2017). Pidkhody do analizu finansovoyi zvitnosti byudzhetnykh ustanov Ukrayiny [Approaches to the analysis of financial statements of budget institutions of Ukraine]. In Naukovyy visnyk Uzhhorods’koho natsional’noho universytetu. Seriya: Mizhnarodni ekonomichni vidnosyny ta svitove hospodarstvo [Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University. Series: International economic relations and the world economy]: Vol. 11 (pp. 220-223). [in Ukrainian].
11. Nashkerska, M. M. (2017). Napryamy analizu osnovnykh zasobiv byudzhetnykh ustanov [Trends in the analysis of fixed capital assets of budgetary institutions]. In Visnyk Natsional’noho universytetu «L’vivs’ka politekhnika». Seriya: Menedzhment ta pidpryyemnytstvo v Ukrayini: etapy stanovlennya ta problemy rozvytku [Bulletin of the Lviv Polytechnic National University. Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: Stages of Formation and Problems of Development]: Vol. 862 (pp. 192-198). [in Ukrainian].
12. Nashkerska, M. M. (2018). Metodolohichni osnovy analizu trudovykh resursiv byudzhetnoyi ustanovy [Methodological foundations of the analysis of budgetary institution labour resources]. In Ekonomichnyy analiz [Economic analysis]: Vol. 28(4) (pp. 218-224). [in Ukrainian].
13. Byudzhetnyy kodeks Ukrayiny [Budget Code of Ukraine] (2010). Law of Ukraine, adopted on 2010, Jul 08, 2456-VI. Legislation of Ukraine: Website. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2456-17#Text [in Ukrainian].
14. Pro zatverdzhennya Instruktsiyi shchodo zastosuvannya ekonomichnoyi klasyfikatsiyi vydatkiv byudzhetu ta Instruktsiyi shchodo zastosuvannya klasyfikatsiyi kredytuvannya byudzhetu [On the approval of the Instructions on the application of the economic classification of budget expenditures and the Instructions on the application of the classification of budget lending] (2012). Order of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, adopted on 2012, Mar 12, 333. Legislation of Ukraine: Website. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0456-12#Text [in Ukrainian].
15. Nashkerska, M. M. (2019). Napryamy provedennya analizu dokhodiv i vytrat byudzhetnoyi ustanovy [Directions of analysis of the formation of revenues and expenditures by budgetary institutions]. Oblik i finansy – Accounting and Finance, 1(83), 92-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2019-1(83)-92-98 [in Ukrainian].