The relevance of state policy aimed at improving the institutional support for the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the tasks and measures for improving institutional competitiveness of Ukraine's economy. Scientific novelty of the study consists in substantiation of the system of measures and means of improving the institutional environment of the technological competitiveness of Ukraine, the elements of which are formed in the following areas: structure of state policy, state policy measures and expected outcomes. The recommendations in relation to improvement of legal framework and institutions, oriented on innovation and technological modernization in context of strengthening of Ukrainian economy competitiveness form the practical significance of the results. The tasks of the state policy in improvement of the "institutes" and "institutions" elements of the institutional environment of the state policy of ensuring the technological competitiveness are defined. They include the improvement of basic legislation on innovative and scientific-technological activity; formation of legislation on the development of infrastructure of scientific and technological activities, integrated systems, implementation of joint projects; improving of the system of strategizing and programming the development of scientific and technological activities; elimination of administrative barriers to introduction of advanced technologies; formation of positive social attitude towards innovations and technologies; improvement of the system of organization and management of development of scientific and technological activity; introduction of monitoring, control and forecasting instruments of technological development policy; creation of financial and resource support funds for scientific and technological activities; formation and effective use of personnel potential of scientific and technological activity; development of internal and external information and communication system.
technological competitiveness of the economy, innovation and technological modernization, institutional support
Modern period of Ukrainian development is characterized by extended process of local governance and administrative-financial decentralization reforms, as well as a set of sectoral reforms that started in 2014. The process, which can generally be characterized as the decentralization process, has become the driving force directed at improving the level of territories’ socio-economic development and strengthening the local governance capacity in Ukraine. It is grounded on growing financial autonomy of local authorities, expansion of the list and improving quality of public services granted to residents, and meeting the needs of territorial communities in all activity domains. The paper aims to examine the process of financial decentralization as a precondition of increasing the capacity of local governance in Ukraine. The paper determines that local finances are the process of making financial and investment decisions according to the planned tasks and sources of maintenance. It reveals that the sources of financial provision of territorial communities stipulate the forming of local budgets’ revenues in time based on real processes. The approach contributes to avoiding the excessive expenses and more distinct but rather short-term predicting of budgets composition, as well as optimal defining of funding priorities for corresponding activities. The structure of funding sources in Ukraine is analyzed. The weight of local budgets’ revenues in the structure of Ukraine’s consolidated budget in 2014-2018 is determined. The fact that financial decentralization as one of the key reforms is directed at strengthening of financial-economic capacity of territorial units based on the principles of autonomy, self-sufficiency, and efficiency is emphasized.
local governance, reform, territorial communities, financial-investment provision, financial resources
Tourist attractiveness is a key factor for the development of the tourism industry in the region. The Drohobych region includes the neighboring districts and the cities of Stebnyk and Drohobych, with the latter being the administrative center of the district and the city of regional subordination. The main factor in shaping the region’s improved image as a tourist destination is the availability and efficient use of tourism potential. Its use is influenced by a number of political, economic and social factors that may be restrictive or favorable in nature. The region attracts tourists with its natural landscapes, mountainous terrains with forests, lakes, ponds, river valleys with recreation areas and waterfalls, and Skole Beskids National Nature Park. The paper analyzes the quality of transport connections to the tourist destinations of the region, the state of the environment, the quality of the communication system, the composition and the effectiveness of the logistics of the tourist sector. Besides, the efficient use of information potential through the introduction of the project «Drohobych – Smart City» contributed to the formation of a positive tourist image. The article outlines increasing role of the tourist information center in shaping the tourist attraction through analyzing the dynamics of the number of tourists’ visits and revealing the close links with the number of persons accommodated in hotels, collective accommodation facilities, visits to museums by calculating correlation coefficients. The efficiency of the use of the financial and investment components of tourism potential has been studied by analyzing local budget revenues from tourism fees and expenditures on tourism development. The analysis of the components of the tourist potential has allowed us to distinguish its features, to state the possibility of development of almost all types of tourism, to identify the problems of improving the image of the Drohobych area as a tourist destination. Their solution will need further research.
Drohobych region, tourist attractiveness, tourist potential, components of tourist potential, tourist industry, tourist information center
Nowadays, according to decentralization and current legislation (Land Code of Ukraine, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Self-Governance»), the public lands have been transferred to the CTCs since 1 February 2018. In 2018/2019, 788 CTCs received communal ownership of 1.68 ha of public lands. According to the Draft Law «On Amendments to Several Legal Documents of Ukraine on Agricultural Lands Turnover», the consolidated territorial communities become the legal entities and can acquire property rights to agricultural land plots. Therefore, transferring the lands to be used by the newly created CTCs is currently an urgent issue that requires extended scientific and practical research. The paper aims to research the role of land reform in Ukraine and its impact on increase of CTCs’ budget revenues. The stages of land reform and the development of the land reform in Ukraine as well as its implementation strategy are outlined. The disparities of the integrated satellite map and the data of the Land Cadaster of Ukraine in terms of unregistered lands are defined. The amount of a CTC budget’s increased revenues due to the reform is estimated. Statistical data on small, medium, and large farmers and their interest in the land reform are analyzed. The terms of selling the land to foreign investors and conditions of participation in land auctions are examined. The mechanisms of land purchase, selling, and lease in line with the land reform are suggested. Generalizing the presented aspects of the land reform in Ukraine and their impact on economic activity of the newly created CTCs, it can be argued that the process is quite positive and necessary for both communities and businesses in order to get additional budget revenues for CTCs. The land reform improves the living standards of Ukrainian people through the disclosure of the country’s agricultural capacity.
The implementation of national regional policy depends on the extent to which its mechanisms and instruments ensure effective regional development. One of the important tools for solving the problems of social and economic development of the regions is the program approach to planning and management of the regions. However, the situation with funding and implementation of regional target programs in the regions is unsatisfactory. The purpose of the article is to investigate trends and find out the problems of budget financing of social and economic development using the program-targeted approach on the example of Zaporizhzhia region. The following methods were used for the study: historical, abstract and logical, systemic and comparative analysis. In the article, the issues of budget financing of social and economic development using a program-targeted approach are examined. The regional target programs and projects of the State Regional Development Fund for Zaporizhzhia region are analyzed. The following main features, weaknesses and problems of financing are identified: the dominance of the social component of the regional programs and projects of the State Regional Development Fund over the development-related one; duplication of tasks and activities by different programs; inconsistency of regional target programs with the strategic and operational goals of regional development strategies; fragmentation of regional target programs, which significantly complicates their management The directions of improvement of the regional target programs’ funding that correspond to the peculiarities of the current stage of social and economic development of Ukraine are outlined: activation of extrabudgetary financing, control of program measures implementation, elimination of duplication of program measures.
Modern processes of globalization have significantly influenced the way of life of both domestic and international socio-economic systems. Transformations of economic models in the world, opening of borders, consolidation and emergence of new markets – all this has objectively led to the deepening of social inequality and, as a consequence, the declining social mobility caused by economic factors. As a result, there was a gradual deformation of the social status of the individual, which in turn was accompanied by a decrease in the level of his social protection due to the lack of effective mechanisms to ensure the realization of basic constitutional rights and freedoms. Numerous transformations of economic systems at different levels lead to the fact that large sections of the population are alienated from the results of economic development, in fact «excluded» or «disconnected» from the processes of social relations, limited or deprived of access to basic social institutions. This is manifested in huge gaps in income, deficits in participation, in particular in consumption, in the labor market, in certain aspects of social interaction and support, which, in turn, leads to the spread of the phenomenon of social exclusion. Therefore, the aim of the article is to study the global trends that determine the spread of social exclusion, as well as to identify the features of the manifestation of this phenomenon in the modern world. In the context of the study, the reasons underlying the formation of the phenomenon of social exclusion, problems and risks that determine its spread in the global space are substantiated. A general assessment of the factors that determine the risks of social exclusion in society is presented. Features and forms of manifestation of social exclusion in the modern world under the influence of global challenges and world socio-economic changes are also revealed. Thus, the global challenges facing the world and national communities, stimulate society to seek new models of socio-economic development that can ensure greater participation of all citizens in society, require the development and application of specific mechanisms that will allow everyone to equally influence all spheres of public life.
social exclusion, global challenges, socio-economic transformations, global space, social inequality, social ties, society
Economic Problems of Development of Types of Economic Activity
Today, the woodworking industry is a strategically promising export-oriented segment of the national economy of Ukraine, as well as an important link for its integration into the global value chains. The presence of a significant raw material base and the prospects for expanding of product markets are the objective basis for the further dynamic development of domestic woodworking industry. The purpose of the article is to determine the production and export potential for the development of woodworking industry in the Western regions of Ukraine and to substantiate the organizational and economic forms of its practical realization. According to the results of the assessments, it is established that the vast majority of Western regions of Ukraine, especially Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Volyn and Rivne, have significant potential for further dynamic development of the woodworking industry. The processing (wooden furniture, windows, doors, floor) and production of paper and paper products are defined as the most promising industries in the region from the point of view of import substitution (i.e. orientation towards meeting demands on the domestic market). At the same time, from the point of view of increasing the presence of wood products of Ukrainian producers on the foreign markets, the production of alternative finishing materials for furniture, the production of energy-saving products, as well as the production of plywood and wood pellets are promising. Vertical integration will facilitate the full realization of the potential of domestic woodworking enterprises. The creation of integrated business structures in the woodworking sector, in particular in the Western regions, will enable meeting the needs of the woodworking productions for raw materials by establishing mutually beneficial links with the forestry sector; supporting and stimulating investment activity at the meso-level, which will ultimately contribute to the formation of a high level of competitiveness of domestic wood products, and consequently, to acceleration of their entry into foreign markets and to increasing the efficiency of the Ukrainian woodworking industry as a whole.
industry, woodworking production, products, export potential, development
The light industry is an important inter-sectoral segment and a chain of individual production areas. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comparative assessment of the cross-sectoral linkages of light industry of Ukraine with some EU countries and to prepare relevant analytical conclusions. The research revealed that the largest consumers of light industry products in 2013-2017 in Ukraine were the industries that belonged to this type of industrial activity (textile, clothing, leather and other materials), as well as the trade, furniture industry, public administration, and defense. The key problem for the functioning of the Ukrainian light industry is its high import dependence. In particular, the share of imports in intermediate consumption of light industry of Ukraine in 2017 was almost 60%. The share of imports in the expenditures of the Ukrainian light industry was almost 49%. The production activities of light industry in Ukraine use products of many ECs, but the main suppliers of raw materials and components are: textile production, production of clothing, leather, and other materials; production of chemicals and chemical products; wholesale and retail trade; supply of electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning. In 2017, these four sectors totaled 70.74%. The following types of industrial activity in Ukraine have a significant potential for increasing output: production of rubber and plastic products; production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers; production of other vehicles; public administration and defense; compulsory social security; health care and social assistance. The further development and improvement of the technological level of Ukrainian light industry products requires greater integration of the latter with the trade sector. However, the trade sector in Ukraine requires a thorough “unshadowing”, i.e. legalization of all operations.
УКР
