The role of state structural regulation of the national economy in the conditions of the high volatility of economic cycles is substantiated. The key parameters of the system of state regulation of the economy in terms of permanent structural transformation and cyclical national economy are defined as the following: efficiency, balance of interests of all participants in economic relations, socialization and greening of economic processes. The evolution of basic theories of cyclical economic development is studied, and their main features in terms of factor influence on cyclicity and structural transformations in the system of the national economy are determined. The scientific and methodological approach to determining the content of structural changes in the national economy is determined as a transition from one paradigm of development and economic growth to another paradigm more adequate to the global challenges and domestic demands faced by society. The author's definitions of the structural-economic conceptual-categorical apparatus that reflects the transformation processes in the cyclical economy are suggested, in particular: the structure of the national economy (structural basis); structural changes (transformation, shifts); structural policy; structural reform (restructuring); structural crisis. The cyclical development of the economy is characterized, which is often accompanied by such undesirable parameters as discreteness, uncertainty, chaos, which affects economic growth and resilience of the national economy to recession shocks. Timely structural reform is determined to be the only vector to prevent it, including ensuring the availability of developed domestic markets, high competitiveness of domestic companies in global markets, high level of solvency of domestic consumers and efficient structure of the national economy. These factors will help reduce the level of negative effects arising from market fluctuations.
state regulation, economic cycles, structural transformations, national economy, development paradigm
Approaches to defining the essence of the concept of sustainable development are analyzed; the definition of sustainable development in terms of "challenge", "response" basing on the provisions of the civilizational approach is suggested. The paper suggests considering the development to be sustainable if it provides the ability for society to form adequate "responses" to the "challenges" that arise in the process of civilizational development. Emphasis is placed on the necessity, in the context of the concept of sustainable development, of the transition from economic to ecological-economic system (hereinafter EES). Sustainable development of the EES is a development that combines the environmental, economic and social aspects of society. The necessity of forming sustainable development potential to achieve sustainable development goals as a set of different types of resources and other factors needed to achieve specific sustainable development goals is substantiated. At the same time, the continuity of the development is achieved without the quantitative growth of many traditional economic parameters and, above all, further continuous population growth, extensive economic growth and anthropogenic pressure on the biosphere. Based on the analysis of approaches to interpreting the concept of "potential", the methodological bases for forming the potential for sustainable development of ecological and economic systems are developed. The relationship between system resources and the potential of the ecological and economic system is studied. Ecological and economic potential is considered as a result of synergetic interaction of potentials of the main subsystems: ecological, social and industrial. This potential identifies opportunities for the development of a particular ecological and economic system to achieve the goals of sustainable development of the ecological and economic system as a whole and its main subsystems.
potential, ecological and economic system, development, sustainable development, ecological and economic potential
Theoretical and methodological approaches to the basic mechanisms of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine recreational territories management under modern economic conditions are formed. The main markers of influence on the development of nature reserve areas are identified. Problematic issues requiring operational, tactical and strategic solutions at the state level and at the level of a particular region are defined. Cherkasy region case study offers strategic directions to promote the protection, preservation, restoration and development of Cherkasy region nature reserve territories related to their scientifically proven expansion, in particular, to identify potential economic loss from preserving nature reserve areas and ensuring their efficient functioning, and increase the percentage of territories of the Ukrainian NRF to achieve EU countries indicators. The necessity to activate a public-private partnership, which concerns both the promotion of tourist attractions in protected nature reserve areas, and the need to comply with the requirements of environmental legislation, is justified. The current state of the Cherkasy region natural reserve and its development priorities is analyzed, administrative and territorial changes in particular. Attention is focused on the relevance of scientific research regarding the feasibility of creating new nature reserves and objects of Cherkasy region Natural Reserve Fund. Under modern conditions of management in the tourism industry as an important segment of recreational activities, the cumulative effect of coordinating intentions and actions impacts the environment significantly, both positively and negatively, which should be taken into account not only in scientific and theoretical-methodological research, but also in practice both locally and at the Government level in general.
In recent years, the scale of labor and educational migration from Ukraine has been growing, usually transforming into permanent migration (resettlement). Such situation leads to the threat of demographic and socio-economic development of our country and requires effective mechanisms for regulating migration. The development of such mechanisms needs the study of motives forcing people to migrate. The article is devoted to the investigation of motivational bases of young people’s migration activity in Ukraine’s Carpathian region. According to the results of a sociological survey of young people, a low level of potential internal migration was revealed. At the same time, attitudes for migration abroad are spread enough. The paper reveals that high level of wages and an availability of a job are the main motives for both internal and external possible migration movements. According to the respondents’ opinion, these factors could also deter young people from moving abroad. In addition, the lack of stability and confidence in the future, as well as insufficient opportunities for professional realization, poor working conditions are important motives for possible movement abroad for permanent residence. The study revealed some features of certain regions. Thus, the youth of Zakarpattia region more often, compared to respondents from other regions, chose the following push factors: low wages; lack of stability and confidence in the future; high level of corruption. The lack of work in Ukraine worries mostly respondents from Ivano-Frankivsk region. Chernivtsi region is distinguished by the highest share of those who could be motivated for permanent migration by housing problems. According to the assessment of students and pupils of higher and vocational education institutions, the level of the average salary, which could slow down the mass emigration of young people abroad, has been determined. It is about 800 euros. Persons who would not move abroad under any circumstances make up less than 10% of respondents. The results of the study confirm the need to develop effective mechanisms for regulating the migration activity of young people at the regional and state levels.
The paper researches some aspects of regulative maintenance of investment activity in Ukraine and at the level of territories (on the example of Lviv) in the condition of reforming local governments. The author suggests his interpretation of “an investment capacity of a territorial community”. The specifics of managing the investment activity of territories is outlined, and the groups of needs of local governments, the realization of which is the ground for territorial communities’ activity, are defined. The sources of funding of local governments’ investment needs are characterized. The scheme of balancing investment needs and investment opportunities (sources) as a component of management of a territory’s investment activity is suggested. The conditions of securing positive consequences of the process are examined. The analysis of directions of state support of economic and social development of territories in 2020 shows that regional development programs are funded at 12.7%, while other social, environmental, and innovative directions – at a level less than 5%. The paper emphasizes the need of local governments to independently search for ways to implement socio-cultural projects by efficient use of their investment resources and capacity. For a general analysis of investment activity, the investment in the socio-economic development of Lvivska oblast in 2017-2019 is analyzed. The growing volumes of capital investment and the prevailing share of investment in the purchase of machines and equipment are emphasized. The conclusion on insufficient growth of rural areas’ capacity is made. The problems in the attraction of investment in the economies of cities and consolidated territorial communities are defined. The solution of these problems will contribute to the implementation of new approaches to investment activity at the territories of local communities from the viewpoint of the need to secure their financial capacity and sustainable development of settlements.
regulative maintenance of investment activity, investment needs, investment opportunities, local government, consolidated territorial community
Economic Problems of Development of Types of Economic Activity
The article explains different approaches to the definition of the concept «tourist attraction». On the base of the analysis of different approaches, it is determined that tourist attraction is the property of a certain territory (city, district, region, zone, country, the group of countries) which meets the demand and needs of tourists. It was made clear that the level of tourist attractiveness is influenced by a number of factors, among which tourist resources and tourist infrastructure are important. According to the factors of influence, the components of tourist attractiveness are presented. It is determined that a number of methods and criteria are used to assess the attractiveness of territories and objects, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. It is noted that the shortcomings of certain assessment methods can be minimized as the result of the introduction of certain reservations. It was made clear that in international practice tourist attractiveness is determined by the greatest demand among tourists in regions with rich natural, cultural and historical resources, geographical location, the level of infrastructure development which depends on investment, recreational and tourist resources, and environmental state of a region. It is proved that in Ukraine the territories and tourist zones which have the most valuable elements of the ecological framework (forests, clear rivers, sea coasts, lakes, ponds, etc.) and outstanding historical monuments and places are called tourist-attractive. It is generalized that the expediency and necessity of the quantitative assessment of tourist attractiveness at the level of a country, sphere or a certain region is explained by the identification of those areas whose development stimulation will lead to the possibility of obtaining a positive economic effect in the near future.
Current trends in meat and meat products exports are considered. The dynamics and structural changes in meat exports by types and degree of processing (beef and veal, pork, poultry, finished meat products) are analyzed. The paper proves that in recent years, only meat and edible poultry by-products have taken a competitive position in the world market. Accordingly, the dynamics of exports of this type of meat is positive, and the share of these products in the structure of exported meat is the largest (86.09%). Possible threats to the growth of import dependence on certain types of meat products, in particular, chilled and frozen beef and veal, pork, are indicated. The rating of the largest countries-importers of meat and meat products (by types) from Ukraine is built, their share in the structure of meat exports is determined. Changes in the geographical structure of exports have been studied, which indicate a low level of diversification of the geography of exports of certain types of meat (pork, beef). At the same time, a positive development of the geographical structure of poultry meat exports (exported to more than 100 countries) was revealed. Problems of the export potential development in the meat industry of Ukraine are revealed. In particular, the problems of livestock development (outdated technologies and production techniques that reduce the efficiency and productivity; inefficiency of the organization of purchase and processing of meat, which leads to reduced breeding in small businesses and households; inefficiency of state incentives, etc.) and industrial meat production (lack of raw materials, obsolescence of fixed assets and production technologies, poorly developed logistics, etc.). The solution of these problems requires: a systematic approach, which will encourage the cooperation of agricultural and industrial production, cooperation with importers of meat products and protection of domestic producers in the domestic and international markets, creating a favorable investment and information environment that will promote the meat industry development.
meat and meat production, foreign trade, export, import, coverage ratio, geographical structure of export
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