Acting Head of the Department of problems of social and humanitarian development of the regions of the Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine
The urgency of the formation of technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy under the current global challenges and threats is substantiated. The analysis of the national institutional and organizational system of state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the economy has been carried out. The importance of forming in the country of institutional, organizational and institutional-legal systems of the state policy of ensuring innovation-technological activity and development is pointed out. The condition of the institutional and legal system of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy is revealed. The results of the analysis of the state policy of ensuring the technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy by management functions are presented. The paper emphasizes that the following disadvantages of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness: by the function of analysis - the lack of a system of complex analysis and evaluation of innovation and technical activity; by function of planning - non-institutionalization of the system of programming and planning of technological competitiveness of economy; by function of organization - non-construction of a complete organizational and institutional system of state regulation of innovative activity; by function of motivation - absence of sufficient customs-tariff and budget-tax stimulation of innovation and technological activity; by the control function - unformed environment of independent institutions for monitoring and control of the state innovation and technological policy. The paper substantiates that technological competitiveness of the economy is formed in stages according to the levels: factor competitive advantages of strategic enterprises, strengthening of competitive positions of clusters, development of "strong" industries, technological competitive advantages of the economy, international competitiveness. The fact that technological competitiveness of each country is based on its own model and does not fit into the universal "ideal" scenario is emphasized.
economic competitiveness, technological component, state technological policy
The paper outlines the trends in the development of the social sphere and the provision of social security in Ukraine. The authors prove that the integration of the national economy and the European economy takes place rather slowly, European principles and standards cannot be adapted by economic entities, and social institutions are unprepared and not able to fully stimulate the intellectual development of society. The main threats to the functioning of the social sphere and the formation of the social security system in Ukraine are identified. The key threat is the low competitiveness of the economy, the absence of positive qualitative structural changes and institutional reforms, the problem of import substitution and the development of the real sector and private entrepreneurship. The problematic aspects of convergence of social security of Ukraine and the EU are outlined. Further complication of the socio-economic development of Ukraine is expected as a result of political-economic and military instability. The strategic priorities, tools and means of the state policy of convergence of the social security system of Ukraine and the EU are grounded. The state policy of convergence implemented by the following groups of instruments is considered to be the most effective: regulatory (introduction of the principles of corporate social responsibility and business practices in the system of social and labor relations, ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Elimination of Violence, the introduction of European standards for the dissemination of data under development and implementation of budget programs of social orientation, approval of program documents ensuring gender equality of human rights and freedoms); European integration and cooperation (establishment of cooperation with the EU on the organization of prevention and control of communicable diseases, strengthening cooperation with European voluntary organizations in the field of youth policy and informal education for youth, realization of the Road Map of joint actions within the framework of the Association Agreement on overcoming «zones of social injustice» in the field of cancer, development of cooperation in the framework of forums, creation of exhibition platforms of social dialogue); institutional organization (creation of a specialized vertical integration network of advisory committees in the field of social security, creation of the Bank covering risks in the field of social security, implementation of agreements with EU countries within the framework of regulation of labor migration and development of social partnership, introduction of monitoring and strengthening of control in the functional and structural spheres of social security).
social security, social sphere, social development, convergence, Ukraine, EU, strateg
The paper proves that the scale of the shadow economy in the monetary and credit sphere of Ukraine is significant and it increases the threats to the financial security of the state due to the insufficient filling and irrational use of budget funds at all levels, the critical growth of domestic and foreign public debt, the instability of the functioning of banking institutions, their bankruptcy along with loss of the financial resource by economic entities and the population, the "escape" of capital, the formation of a quasi-insurance system, the operation of currency speculation, indicating the breadth and inclusiveness of the shadow penetration practically in all components of the financial security of the state. These factors are proven to be leading to the loss of monetary policy efficiency due to the significant amount of money that is not subject to regulation, as well as the effectiveness of fiscal instruments, reduction of tax revenues to the budget, outflow of capital and destabilization of the currency system, deterioration of the investment climate and reduced opportunities. The following priority instruments of the state policy of depilation of the monetary sphere have been identified: in the monetary sphere – development of the infrastructure for making cashless payments, increasing the level of security of non-cash payments, increasing financial literacy of the population; with the use of companies with signs of fictitious capital laundering – joining the Common Reporting Standard, the implementation of the BEPS (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting) projects, providing access to accounts of non-residents, joining the International Interagency Convention on the introduction of the status of foreign controlled companies, the introduction of a tax on international speculative transactions; on the securities market - the introduction of a single state register of issued bills, increased requirements for securities issuers, settlement of transactions for the sale and purchase of bills by insurance companies; in the foreign exchange market - the expansion of the possibilities of using currency swaps, the development of instruments for currency risk insurance, the development of the derivatives market, primarily futures, improving the methodology for assessing the withdrawal of capital outside the country, reducing bank restrictions.
financial security of the state, monetary policy, depilation
The paper proves that the level of shadow economic activity at the subregional level, in particular in small towns of Ukraine, remains high. This is manifested, first of all, in concealing part of the proceeds from the sale of enterprises; opacity, corruption, bribery and tax evasion in the field of land relations; violations of current legislation in the use of state or communal property; the presence of a significant informal segment in the labor market. The key aspects of the shadow economic relations at the subregional level are identified as following: concealing of part of the proceeds from the sale of enterprises, in particular in the sphere of trade, including through the sale of products (provision of services) by individuals – business entities, the presence of untreatable so-called shuttle trade, opacity, corruption and bribery, tax evasion in the field of land relations, violations of current legislation in the area of utilization of economic resources and mineral resources, a significant informal segment in the labor market and employment in the shadow economy, the presence of the shadow sector in the field of tourism, the presence of the shadow sector in the field of currency exchange operations. The fact that shadow economic relations are a significant obstacle to the socioeconomic development of small towns and rural areas of Ukraine is proven, as it leads to a decrease in the volume of revenues to local budgets, significantly impedes the access of business entities to economic resources and creates obstacles to the development of entrepreneurial initiatives, deforms the development of the labor market and leads to an increase in official unemployment. Special attention is paid to the growing need to improve the means of state policy aimed at overcoming the shadow economy at the subregional level, and mostly of an economic nature, with a view to simultaneously stimulate the development of entrepreneurship. The following areas of shadow economy overcoming at the subregional level in Ukraine are identified: strengthening the control over the volume of activity of business entities that operate under preferential terms of taxation, reporting and accounting, reducing the amount of shuttle trade, strengthening of control over the use of land resources, implementation of programs for informing the population on the conditions for the establishment and conduct of business, simplification of conciliation and authorization procedures in the course of entrepreneurial activity, implementation of measures aimed at leveling the risks of labor market development in depressed territories, introduction of tax incentives for investment of funds into the economy of small towns.
shadow economy, small towns, rural territories, directions and means of state policy
The of preconditions for development and implementation of the state policy of development of industrial clusters in the national economy are determined. It is substantiated its decisive importance in the system of tasks ensuring economic security of Ukraine. The complex priority of tasks that need to be implemented by the state authorities while ensuring the development of industrial clusters is identified. The developed of recommendations, which will allow to successfully solve problems of ensuring economic security of the state through the implementation of state policy development of industrial clusters.
industrial cluster, state policy, economic security of the state, development, priorities
Citations
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