The article examines regional disparities in the development, preservation and reproduction of human capital within Ukraine's social security system under the conditions of full-scale war and structural socio-economic transformations. Human capital is interpreted as a multidimensional combination of health, knowledge, skills, professional competencies, working capacity and the ability to participate productively in economic and social life. The study aims to identify the main territorial asymmetries affecting human capital development and to substantiate policy instruments for reducing them. The methodological framework combines systemic, comparative and regional approaches, analysis of academic literature and official statistics, and territorial grouping according to security-related, migratory, demographic, infrastructural and fiscal risks. The empirical base relies on RDNA5, IOM DTM, World Bank, UNHCR and OECD materials. As of 31 December 2025, RDNA5 estimated the direct damage to Ukraine at USD 195.1 billion, the socio-economic losses at USD 666.7 billion, and the recovery and reconstruction needs for 2026-2035 at USD 587.7 billion. In July 2026, the IOM reported 3.447 million internally displaced persons in Ukraine. The results demonstrate that the risk of human capital depletion is spatially concentrated. Frontline, de-occupied, rural and fiscally weakened communities simultaneously experience infrastructure destruction, population loss, limited access to education, health care and social services, shortages of qualified personnel and constrained local financial capacity. At the same time, receiving communities face additional pressure on housing, education, health care and social service systems due to internal displacement. The article argues that social security should perform not only a compensatory but also a reproductive function by combining income support with rehabilitation, employment assistance, professional retraining, psychosocial support, accessible local services and the integration of internally displaced persons. A regionally differentiated, targeted and person-centered model is proposed. Its core instruments include regional monitoring of human capital indicators, social profiling of communities, needs-based financing, mobile service teams, accessible digital services with non-digital alternatives, incentives for social sector professionals, active labor market measures and intersectoral coordination. The article emphasizes the need to prioritize support for frontline and de-occupied territories where high social needs coincide with security risks, infrastructure damage and staff shortages. The practical value of the findings lies in their applicability to regional recovery strategies, community-level social service planning and the design of differentiated mechanisms for rebuilding human capital during and after the war. 

human capital, regional disparities, social security, territorial communities, social services, internally displaced persons, post-war recovery