To ensure competitiveness in world markets in the context of deepening globalization processes, Ukraine needs to adjust its own raw material base, which will qualitatively change the structure of Ukrainian exports from raw materials to goods with a high share of value added. The purpose of the article is to assess the development capacity of chemical, textile, agro-processing, and woodworking industries of Ukraine on the basis of import substitution and export orientation and substantiation of organizational and economic forms of its practical implementation. The author’s interpretation of the term “capacity of industrial system development” is offered. Based on the results of the technological profile analysis, the level of capacity utilization and performance indicators of the largest chemical enterprises of Ukraine, and strategic guidelines for the development of promising chemical industries are substantiated and organizational and economic forms of realizing their capacity are suggested, in particular in the Western region. Proposals for ensuring competitive conditions for participants in the domestic market of light industry products are provided, the need for simplified regulatory procedures and investment incentives to ensure the development of domestic light industry enterprises is substantiated. An organizational mechanism for restoring the raw material base of textile and other industries is developed. The regions of Ukraine are grouped according to the capacity of timber harvesting and industrial processing. The perspective directions of development of the woodworking industry in the Western region (in the context of productions) are defined and the basic strategies of their realization focused on the internal and external markets of production are outlined. The organizational forms of realization of the development capacity of agro-processing productions in Ukraine and mechanisms of their institutional support are offered.
industry, potential, development, processing production, products, raw materials, export
The focus on graduates who could operate new technologies and knowledge that will meet the needs of the information society, and optimization of the network of institutions in accordance with the needs of the regional labor market are important priorities in reforming the vocational education system. Under the influence of the decentralization reform, the powers of vocational education management are transferred to the regional level, and the cooperation of educational institutions with local authorities and employers is strengthened. The aim of the article is to identify the main trends and generalize the problems of the development of vocational education under the influence of decentralization reform (on the example of Lviv region). In the study of trends and problems in the development of vocational education in the context of decentralization reform, such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, abstraction, generalization, as well as statistical research methods are used. The article analyzes the main trends and problems of vocational education development in Lviv region. The peculiarities of financing and property management of vocational education institutions in the context of decentralization reform are clarified. The most important problems in the development of vocational education include: the inconsistency of the network of institutions with the demographic situation in society; reduction of the prestige of vocational education and low level of financial, logistical, and personnel support of institutions; the discrepancy between the demand for workers and the supply of personnel trained by vocational education institutions; lack of legislative provision of vocational education that would meet modern realities and developed professional standards for assessing the quality of graduate training.
vocational education, financing, reform, network of institutions, quality of education
The article reveals the essence, causes, and negative consequences of social exclusion. It substantiates that poverty, unemployment, insufficient participation of an individual in the socio-economic development of the regions, and limited access to social values and life opportunities are the consequences of social exclusion. The peculiarities of the manifestation of social exclusion in terms of limiting households’ access to various types of medical services are examined. Based on the data of sample surveys on households’ self-assessment of health status and the level of accessibility of certain types of medical care conducted by the state statistical offices, its differences by place of residence are analyzed. The paper proves that the lowest level of accessibility is observed when purchasing drugs, conducting medical examinations, and receiving treatment in the hospital. The reasons that limit the accessibility of healthcare services are identified as well as a comparative analysis of the level of household access to health services at the regional and urban and rural levels is conducted. The analysis of the level of households’ access to medical services proves that the rural population is the most vulnerable to social exclusion due to the lack of facilities that provide services, lack of timely emergency medical services, and lack of nearby health facilities. The need to provide households with an adequate level of medical services both in terms of improving the opportunities to purchase medicines and the prospects of visiting a specialist of the required profile of services is substantiated. The solution of economic problems related to the growth of population incomes, investments in the development of local communities, and the completion of reforms in the sectoral decentralization sphere will play a significant role in ensuring the equality of the population in obtaining various public goods regardless of the place of residence.
social exclusion, households, health care, medical services
The article investigates the theoretical approaches and applied aspects of the managerial assets of local communities in modern conditions of decentralization transformations in Ukraine. Scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concepts «personnel», «staff», «human resources», and «managerial asset» are distinguished. The paper suggests treating the managerial asset of the local community as a set of highly qualified specialists in the field of asset management of local communities, who have leadership skills, a certain set of skills, and sufficient experience to conduct efficient professional activities, as well as the ability to learn quickly and adapt to change. Since the managerial assets of the local community include not only representatives of local governments but also the private sector and non-governmental organizations, it is advisable to distinguish between the concepts of staff of local communities and their managerial assets. In our opinion, the key difference between them is that the managerial asset includes specialists who do not always have to be employees of state and governmental agencies. At the same time, it should be noted that a lot of studies focus on representatives of governmental agencies. Problems, threats, and obstacles to the efficiency of the managerial assets of local communities are considered. The domestic practice of forming the managerial assets of the local communities is highlighted. The world practice of forming the managerial assets of local communities on the example of Great Britain is covered. Three main categories of the managerial asset of the territorial community are identified: representatives of the state, representatives of the private sector, representatives of the non-governmental sector. Effective asset management of the local communities requires the involvement and joint efforts of representatives of these categories. The working relationship between these three groups and their involvement in the asset management process also builds trust and leads to long-term partnerships to further promote and build efforts.
managerial asset, professional competence, local community, decentralization, local government, regional economy
The digital transformation of the social sphere has become one of the important directions of the state digital strategy aimed at forming an effective service digital state. Digitalization is the mechanism of the state digital strategy. It constitutes the transfer of all social services from offline to online. Accordingly, a theoretical and methodological justification of the institutional, organizational, and legal foundations of the digital transformation of the social sphere is the purpose of the article. The paper provides an overview of attempts to introduce electronic technologies, in particular e-government, in the practice of public administration during the years of independence of Ukraine. On this basis, the emphasis is on the main problems that have accumulated in the social sphere. The Strategy for Digital Transformation of the Social Sphere approved by the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated October 28, 2020, is analyzed in detail. The purpose of the Strategy is to ensure European standards of functioning of social protection institutions, provision of social services, and financial stability of the social sphere, and to increase its transparency and optimization of its administrative expenditures. Particular attention is paid to creating a new mechanism for implementing social policy on a fundamentally new basis – the unified information system of the social sphere created taking into account the latest information and management technologies, common modern standards of service quality, and the ability to make effective organizational and structural decisions. All types of state social support and assistance should be administered through this system, which will radically change the social sphere of Ukraine. The main results of the digital transformation of the social sphere should be: first, a convenient and accessible social service for citizens and overcoming corruption in the social sphere; secondly, the optimization of social spending of the state.
social sphere, e-government, digital transformation, social services, social protection, social service
The article highlights the existing theoretical approaches to the definition of the term "purchasing power of the population" and the factors that determine it. The concepts of purchasing power of money, purchasing power of wages, minimum wage, subsistence level are considered. The relationship between purchasing power and inflation rates, consumer price index, stability of the national currency is shown. The modern view of the issue assumes a connection between purchasing power and economic activity, economic capacity, and economic stability. The indicators of purchasing power are determined on the basis of the balance of monetary income and expenditure of the population. On their basis, the demand for goods is formed, which has an impact on trade and production. The differences between nominal and real wages, statistical data on the average nominal wage of a full-time employee of enterprises, institutions, and organizations of Ukraine are considered. The existing theoretical and applied approaches to the realization of quantitative measurement of purchasing power are presented. A linear and quadratic mathematical model is constructed, describing the relationship between the purchasing power of the population of Ukraine and wages, taking into account the indices of perception of corruption and inflation. As a result of the study, a positive dependence of the purchasing power of the population of Ukraine on the average wage in 2011-2020 is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the current regional differentiation of the average wage and its differences in terms of economic activity in Ukraine. The importance of using the proposed approaches in the development of measures to increase the purchasing power of the population and strengthen regional cohesion is justified. Steps to reduce regional disparities and strengthen regional cohesion measures will improve economic activity and economic sustainability, primarily in terms of increasing employment and stimulating business development.
mathematical model, wages, household income, purchasing power of the population, inflation index, corruption perception index
Economic Problems of Development of Types of Economic Activity
The main development tendencies of machine-building production in the regions of Ukraine are examined. The paper reveals that almost all oblasts were characterized by a slowdown and uneven growth rate of machine-building production. The regional structure in terms of sales, exports, and imports of engineering products is determined. The imbalance between production and foreign trade in the regions is pointed out. Thus, the main part of machine-building industries is concentrated in the Eastern regions of Ukraine, which is due to a well-developed raw material base, established production capacity, the presence of research institutions, etc. Instead, the Western regions were the largest exporters of machine-building products among the regions, which is due to the high share of toll raw materials in machine-building production. The regional structure of mechanical engineering by types of activity is determined. The paper emphasizes that in the last years (2014-2019), production of machinery and equipment not included in other groups (33.13% of sold mechanical engineering products in 2019) was the most important sector of mechanical engineering in terms of the structure of sold products. At the same time, the production of other vehicles accounted for 25.74%, the production of motor vehicles, trailers, and semi-trailers – 1 6.05%, the production of electrical equipment – 18.22%, the production of computers, electronic, and optical products – 6.86% of sales of mechanical engineering products. The paper detects the main problems of the machine-building industry raising under the influence of external and internal factors, in particular, political and economic instability, anti-epidemic measures (due to COVID-19), low level of innovation, and obsolescence of technological base of production, etc. The directions of development of machine-building productions in the regions of Ukraine are offered, for example, to develop the mechanism of preferential lending for modernization of production, to increase the state financing of research institutes, etc.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the modern state and problems of insurance of active recreation and extreme types of tourism in the market of insurance services of Ukraine and develop measures to improve them. The study used methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis, and the method of generalization. In order to rank insurance companies in accordance with their attractiveness to customers for insurance of active recreation and extreme tourism, the authors proposed criteria and developed their own methods of carrying out the estimation of the companies. The market for active and extreme tourism is developing quite rapidly. Tourists who prefer active and extreme recreation are a high-risk group, and tourist safety is a top priority and depends on quality insurance. The share of insurance companies in Ukraine going in for travel insurance is about 10% of their total. The conducted study of insurance services in the sphere of tourism indicates the following features of this market in Ukraine: the lack of insurance packages for active recreation and extreme tourism in the packages of individual companies; the lack of a unified regulatory approach to classification of tariff packages and the attribution to them of certain types of tourism; high cost of insurance services and the presence of restrictions in insurance of certain extreme types of tourism. The authors selected the criteria when ranking insurance companies in the extreme tourism insurance sector: availability of transparent policy programs to insure active recreation and extreme tourism, availability and adequacy of pricing policy, customer comments, economic indices of companies’ activities. One of the priority ways to develop insurance services in this sector is the introduction of European insurance practice for specialized types of active and extreme tourism through the activities of tourist clubs and associations that will attract a wide. The article for the first time analyzes in detail the problems of insurance of active recreation and extreme tourism in the market of insurance services of Ukraine, offers its own approaches to the methods of rating insurance companies in the field of active recreation and extreme tourism. The present international experience in providing similar insurance services is described and the ways of its implementation in Ukraine are considered. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the conducted assessment of the insurance market of active and extreme tourism can be used at different levels from local to national, in particular: when choosing travel insurance packages for both individuals and tour operators or travel agents; to improve insurance packages by insurance companies of Ukraine; public organizations, associations promoting the development of active and extreme tourism; to improve insurance policy at the state level.
active recreation, extreme tourism, insurance policy, tariff package, insurance company
The elaboration of regional development strategies using the methodology of smart specialization is one of the most important areas of modern economics and economic practice. The aim of the article is to improve the methodological basis for selecting potential areas of smart specialization at the meso level based on the experience in regional strategizing. To achieve this goal, the article highlights the methodological approaches to the analysis of areas of smart specialization of Polish voivodeships. The article emphasizes that indicators that reflect innovation and socio-economic efficiency, competitiveness, and impact of each economic activity on economic development take the main place in the methodological approaches to assessing the areas of smart specialization of the regions of Poland and other EU countries. Potential niches of smart specialization are identified through a comprehensive analysis, which includes indicators that reflect the qualitative characteristics of each type of economic activity and are characterized by a high degree of objectivity. Indicators are mostly statistical, and surveys and expert opinions are involved in the analysis at the stages where they are relevant and have substantive value, complementing the statistics. Taking into account the approaches to the analysis of the smart specialization directions of the Polish voivodeships considered in the article will improve the methodological bases of the choice of potential smart specialization spheres of the regions of Ukraine. At the same time, the paper emphasizes that the methodological approaches to the analysis of areas of smart specialization used by Polish voivodeships, regions of other EU countries, as well as Ukraine, are not without drawbacks. In particular, a certain pattern in the choice of areas of smart specialization is the most characteristic negative feature of the vast majority of regional strategies.
regional strategies, smart specialization, types of economic activity, innovation
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