The fight against corruption is important for national security in several respects: a) efficient and rational use of resources in times of war; b) strengthening the country’s defense capability; c) Ukraine’s European integration aspirations, and therefore, a growing scientific interest in understanding the nature of anti-corruption policy in public authorities and substantiating possible anti-corruption initiatives in Ukraine. The article aims to study scientific approaches to understanding the nature of anti-corruption policy and to substantiate the ways to increase its effectiveness. The authors analyze theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of “anti-corruption policy”. The absence of a unified opinion of scientists on the existence and emergence of the phenomenon of “corruption” is emphasized. The areas of scientific research on this phenomenon are outlined (analysis of corruption as a social phenomenon, study of the effectiveness of anti-corruption institutions, assessment of legal regulation of anti-corruption activities, and comparative analysis of international experience in the fight against corruption). Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the authors summarize theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of “corruption”. The following approaches are highlighted: institutional, economic, social, and psychological. The theoretical foundations of the study of anti-corruption policy are deepened by clarifying this definition (as a set of measures aimed at preventing, detecting, and combating corruption in all spheres of public life). In order to increase the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy, the article emphasizes the need to implement an integrated approach that includes institutional, economic, and socio-psychological measures. Particular attention should be paid to reforming critical sectors such as defence, finance, and public procurement, where the risks of corruption remains high. Independent audits, digitalization of processes, and strengthening of public oversight are effective means of reducing corruption in these areas. The article argues that effective counteraction to corruption in society is impossible without ensuring real transparency and information openness of the authorities. The activities of government agencies and their officials should be made as transparent and understandable as possible for the citizens of Ukraine. 

corruption, public authorities, public administration, corruption risks, defense sector, economy, war, anti-corruption policy 

The article argues that all medical waste requires a special approach as experience has shown that many substances used as safe pose a threat to human health and human life and cause irreparable damage to the environment. The expediency of reviewing certain categories of medical waste with their subsequent transfer to the category of household waste (office paper, office furniture, etc.) is specified. The need to pay more attention to waste in the cosmetics and perfume industry is emphasized as more and more pharmaceutical and chemical substances are used in this production. The article detects significant differences in some statistical indicators by year and the combination of medical and non-medical waste in one indicator, which indicates the imperfection of statistical accounting. The adequacy of medical waste management is revealed to depend on the standard of living in the country and the availability of effective public policy in this area, as well as the availability of natural resources in the required amount. The historical retrospective shows the changes in the attitude to disposable and reusable medical materials. The authors propose to use a table comparing the cost of disposal from different points of view, taking into account the necessary sanitary and hygienic requirements. The need to strengthen control over the rational use of disposable medical devices is emphasized, which in some cases makes it possible to significantly reduce the amount of waste and general medical expenses. A comparative analysis of the cost of medical waste disposal in the United States and Ukraine is conducted. The analysis shows that the United States has lower prices. Despite the rather carefully prescribed procedure for obtaining a license for activities in the field of medical waste management, the numerous abuses identified by inspections indicate the need to improve it. 

medical waste, hazardous waste, recycling, recycling plant, permit documentation, environment, healthcare