The article emphasizes the significant role of environmental factors in the development of sustainable tourism and the need to strengthen the environmental component in the development of the tourism and recreation sector of the oblasts of the Carpathian region. The authors note the reviewing of the environmental requirements for the functioning of economic entities as their number is increasing in the western regions under the conditions of war. The main elements that impact the environmental stability of the tourism and recreation sector are substantiated. The main measures to improve the quality of water resources in the region are determined. The current state and prospects for expansion/modernization of wastewater treatment facilities in Zakarpatska, Ivano-Frankivska, Lvivska, and Chernivetska oblasts are analyzed. Ways to reduce the level of atmospheric air pollution in the region are identified. Suggestions for reducing emissions from industrial enterprises are developed. Attention is drawn to significant volumes of emissions from the private sector and proposals for their reduction are offered. The importance of urban greening measures in improving atmospheric air quality is indicated. The article emphasizes that the preservation of natural heritage and the development of ecotourism and ecologically responsible tourism are key factors for the sustainable development of the tourism industry. It is important to introduce science-based approaches to natural resource management and adaptation to climate change, which will enable the Carpathian region to remain an attractive tourist destination for many years to come. The definition of the “green” economy in the tourism and recreation sector of Ukraine is substantiated. Ways to increase the competitiveness of the tourism and recreation sector in the Carpathians through the integration of environmental principles and sustainable development are considered. Measures for the development of ecotourism in the Carpathian region are outlined. The authors emphasize that during 2020-2023, a general trend was observed for the oblasts of the Carpathian region in the field of waste management. There was a low level of waste treatment and disposal and a high rate of its disposal in landfills. The development of the waste management system in Zakarpatska, Ivano-Frankivska, Lvivska, and Chernivetska oblasts during the research period is analyzed. The authors conclude with the fact that while the war undoubtedly creates additional difficulties in the modernization of the tourism and recreation sector of the region, however, it can also become an incentive for rethinking priorities and developing a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly economy. Ongoing coordination and cooperation between various parties, including government agencies, local communities, tourism businesses, and community organizations, are crucial factors for success. 

tourism and recreation sector, competitiveness, environmental factors, region, “green” economy, sustainable development 

Active processing – incineration and utilization (mechanical and biological treatment), along with passive storage of inert residues in specially designated areas, are the most commonly used waste management techniques in Ukraine. According to European standards, these technologies carry environmental risks to some extent and do not belong to full-fledged recycling. Significant amounts of accumulated and generated waste determine the regional economic capacity that can be used for the introduction of recycling technologies. The article aims to conduct a feasibility study on waste processing in Ukraine, given the regional capacity for the development of recycling technologies. To reach this goal, the following tasks were solved: to analyze the existing technologies for processing household and similar waste and to carry out their economic evaluation; identify areas for innovative development of regional waste management systems in the near future. The analysis of technologies of household and similar waste processing existing in Ukraine is carried out. The article emphasizes that there are a number of problems with their functionality. Emphasis is placed on the availability of powerful raw materials for recycling. The following main problems of waste disposal sites are outlined: lack of their certification due to non-compliance with current standards and continued accumulation of waste despite the exhaustion of service life; voluntary decisions to close technogenic risk landfills; finding alternative ways of waste management. A comparative ecological and economic assessment of waste processing technologies is carried out. The use of innovative technologies of waste incineration through reconstruction and equipping of processing plants with modern combustion and filtration systems of exhaust gases to minimize environmental risks is relevant for the development of waste management systems. 

recycling, incineration, mechanical and biological processing, waste disposal sites, disposal, autoclave method of waste processing 

The article argues that the term «management» is also used to denote the characteristics of organizational and administrative activities of executive authorities and local self-government and is defined as the process of planning, organization, motivation, and control necessary to formulate and achieve the system's goals. In this context, the following goals of waste management are specified: implementation of legislation, control over compliance with environmental safety requirements, ensuring the implementation of effective and comprehensive measures in the context of compliance with the hierarchy of waste, rational use of natural resources, achieving the coordination of state and public entities’ actions in waste management. The relevance of this issue for Ukraine is determined both by its integration into European structures and by the need to improve the waste management system, in particular at the regional level. The purpose of the article is to study the current state of domestic legislation on the powers of government entities in waste management and present the institutional component of regional waste management systems through the prism of an integrated approach to its functioning. The analysis of the features of the current institutional structure of waste management and the duties and powers of system participants defined by the legislation at the national and local levels is carried out. The entities in the field of waste management involved in public administration are structured. Attention is focused on entities that do not have powers but are endowed with responsibilities and rights in the waste management system. We are convinced that the inconsistency of hierarchical communications causes dissonance in the actions of system elements. Therefore, it is important to organize information interrelation, which in form and content will allow us to make coordinated management decisions at different levels in time and provide a synergistic effect. The basic unit in the waste management system is reasoned. It is a region that has sufficient managerial levers. The hierarchical structure of the Regional Waste Management System is presented. The competent authorities that make decisions and perform local control functions in waste management are considered, in particular the powers of local self-government bodies. The features of the waste management system in the regions of Ukraine are determined. 

Waste Management System, region, institutional structures, entities in waste management, competencies of structural divisions, powers of government bodies 

The article emphasizes the need for an integrated approach in the waste management. It stipulates the development and consistent implementation of the waste management plan, to comply with “the polluter pays” principle, development of the relevant regulatory and legislative framework, etc. The paper points out the failure of the existing waste management system to promote the implementation of not only innovative but also traditional tasks in this area. Domestic system of waste management is oriented solely at the solution of the issues of nature protection. That significantly reduces its possibilities in terms of minimization of wastes flows. The concept of complex waste management suggests the review of traditional approach to solution of the wastes accumulation problem, emphasizing the fact that they consist of different components that require relevant utilization in the most saving and ecologically sound manner. The article aims to determine the theoretical and applied aspects of the formation of an effective waste management system in Ukraine. Current situation with wastes accumulation in Ukraine is in critical condition with further negative tendencies in terms of their storage with relevant ecological consequences. The primitive scheme of waste collection and removal beyond the settlement to the landfill does not correspond to modern view of the problem solution. Domestic waste management system is not capable to efficiently regulate social relations in the sphere and to restrain the pressure of increasing waste flows and maintain territories’ sustainable development in conditions of economic growth. Therefore, in the context of domestic economic system it is more appropriate to use the «waste management» term. In order to form the system of waste management it is necessary to undertake radical changes in line with modern tendencies and the view of waste accumulation problem, in the first place by the review of conceptual provisions in the sphere. The formula for moving towards the development of a modern effective system of governance in Ukraine is considered, the main components of which are the introduction of innovative technologies, European standards and radical system solutions. Introduction of modern innovation technologies, which are successfully operating in European countries, will reduce the consumption of resources and the use of toxic liquids and materials and contribute to recirculation of materials and energy. Meanwhile, the wastes are considered solely as material and energy resources. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the absence of regulating and economic mechanisms in domestic legislation necessary for application of ZeroWaste concept, as far as ten cities of Ukraine intended to build recycling complexes in the framework of Clean City Project and launched the necessary activities in this direction. In order to achieve the EU standards in this sphere it is important to maintain ecologically sound waste management, practical application of Polluters Pay Principle, adherence to proper hierarchy of management, separate collection of wastes, development of regulating basis for waste flows of specific nature. The consistent implementation of a clear strategy for dealing with waste, the formation of a responsibility institution, the creation of organizational and legal conditions for the investment attractiveness of the waste recycling industry will contribute to the establishment of an effective national waste management system. 

waste, waste collection problem, waste management, innovative technologies, system solutions 

The problem of waste accumulation was considered from the standpoint of historicism, in particular, against the background of increasing urbanization level, starting with preindustrial civilizations. Significant attention was paid to the consideration of waste from the legal point of view. It is emphasized that the waste management in the leading European countries is based on the thorough legislation in this area, a wide range of mechanisms and instruments that were formed and selected evolutionally. The basic approaches to the essence of waste in the economic environment were determined. The position of waste as pollution is emphasized, as well as the fact that fundamental role of the natural environment in the provision of such a service as waste absorption is neglected in payments for them. Waste in a social context is considered. We are convinced that quite different views over the essence of waste – economic, environmental, and social – require careful consideration, since they represent different ways of practice, in the context of which the waste management approaches are implemented. 

problem of waste accumulation, waste, positioning, secondary material resources, secondary raw materials, pollution, social aspect