The article focuses on the need to reorient the economy of Ukraine to the production of high-quality products that are characterized by innovation and science-intensiveness in order to gain greater benefits from integration into global value chains. The directions of intensification of processes of entrepreneurial activity internationalization in the border regions of Ukraine are offered, in particular: advisory support for the entry of domestic enterprises into foreign markets; transition from production based on toll-free raw materials to full cycle production; design and development of brands; stimulation of attracting foreign investments into the development of domestic promising productions; creation of a favorable climate for the development of entrepreneurship, trade and the opening of branches of transnational corporations. The existing institutions in Ukraine, both state and public, are analyzed, the purpose of which is to support enterprises in the issues of entering foreign markets. The enterprises of the border regions of Ukraine, integrated into international production networks are investigated. The conclusion is made regarding the active participation of enterprises of the border regions in the global chains in the field of mechanical engineering, but their activity is reduced to only one or two parts of the production process associated with the production of goods. A large percentage of enterprises cooperate in terms of exports of manufactured products, as well as import of the necessary raw materials and materials for production with the neighboring countries, in particular Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Belarus, etc. The emphasis is on the need for design, which will allow them to search for new product concepts and innovative solutions and will create brands for entering foreign markets. Comparison of Ukrainian and world practice on the main factors contributing to trade in OECD research is carried out. Special attention is paid to clusters as connecting elements of small and medium-sized enterprises with the network for cooperation with the international market through horizontal communications.
global value chains, border regions, clusters, transnational corporations, internationalization of entrepreneurial activity
The article provides a comparative analysis of the socio-economic progress of the regions of Ukraine and the country as a whole in achieving the goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development Program in relation to reducing the inequality of income distribution among the population. The indicators of inequality of income distribution among the population are considered. Ensuring the availability of social services for households in the regions of Ukraine are analyzed. The the policy of remuneration based on equality and equity across the series of indicators is assessed. Comparison of the income concentration ratio (Gini coefficient) and the average monthly salary in Ukraine and EU member states is done. The share of wages in GDP is another important indicator of income differentiation. In the world, there is a trend towards the reduction of this rate: from 57% in 2000 to 55% in 2015. The same trend is typical for Ukraine, although the absolute value of the indicator is considerably inferior to the rest of the countries. Since 2012, this indicator has decreased from 50.3% to 36.6% as of 2016. Given the low overall wages as a result of low levels of labor productivity, technological backwardness of the country's economy, lack of prospects for proper employment, Ukraine is today one of the largest donor countries in the world. In addition, the trend of outflow of young and highly skilled personnel from year to year only increases. Prevalence of non-economic factors influencing the formation of strategic guidelines for ensuring sustainable development of the country (sharp devaluation of the national currency, unreasonable tariffs for gas, electricity, etc.) has a significant impact on further imbalance of the existing economic system in Ukraine and undermines the population's confidence in possible positive changes. In this year's draft Law on the State Budget of Ukraine for 2019 (from 15.09.2018), the amount of hourly wage is set at UAH 25.13 for 2019, which is more than 6 times less than its lowest level in the EU countries. At the same time, the economic development of the country and its regions should be accompanied by an increase in social standards, a level and quality of life of the population, while ensuring equal opportunities for its access to economic resources and basic services. This is a priority task of the state in solving the problem of reducing inequality and regulating the migration flows.
sustainable development, income differentiation, reduction of inequality, household incomes, availability of services in the social sphere
The article researches the nature of creative ecosystems, defines the factors of their forming in Ukraine and globally, analyzes their development on the basis of territorial communities of Ukraine and globally and defines the role of creative ecosystems in strategic perspective of social and economic development of territorial communities. The ways to stimulate the development of creative ecosystems and all creative industries in Ukraine and their importance for social and economic development of territorial communities are outlined.
Prytula, Kh. M., Pasternak, O. I., & Kalat Ya. Ya., et al. (2017). Sotsial’no-ekonomichnyy rozvytok prykordonnykh oblastey v umovakh diyi Uhody pro asotsiatsiyu mizh YeS ta Ukrayinoyu (za rezul’tatamy ekspertnykh otsinok) [Socio-economic development of the border areas under the terms of the association agreement between the EU and Ukraine (based on expert assessments)]: Scientific and analytical note. Lviv: Institute of Regional Research named after M. I. Dolishniy of the NAS of Ukraine. [in Ukrainian] {sep2019.02.024.001}