The article analyzes the process of shadow employment formation through the prism of modern digital technologies in Ukraine. The authors reveal that the theoretical content of shadow employment is ambiguous, as there is no clear coordinated mechanism for its definition among both domestic and foreign scholars. Essentially, the concept of «shadow employment» is multidimensional, encompassing «informal employment», «undeclared work», «unregistered activities», «unofficial labor», and others, indicating a lack of coherence and a regulatory control system for this phenomenon. In the current state of economic, pandemic, and military escalation challenges and threats in Ukraine, the era of digital technologies has become widespread, leading to opportunities for shadow employment. The article shows that the number of informally employed population had a tendency to decrease in 2021, reaching 3 million people, which is 3.4% less than in 2017. However, due to the full-scale invasion of russia into Ukraine, the data have not been updated since 2022. Based on the study of the Freelancehunt platform, the article proves that the level of adaptation of labor resources to changes in the modern labor market through digital technologies is quite high. This understanding also confirms the importance and scaling of freelancing in the sphere of economic activity of the state, which occupies a significant share of opportunities in the Ukrainian labor market, meeting the demands of business and the modern challenges of advanced technologies. The authors show the index of digital transformation in Ukraine, which includes various aspects of social life, while the highest indicators observed include «paperless mode», «institutional capacity» and «penetration of basic e-services». The article outlines the characteristic features of shadow employment through the use of digital technologies, along with its inherent advantages and disadvantages in the era of the scaling digitalization. The ways to adapt shadow employment through the prism of digital technologies in Ukraine are proposed, with an emphasis on a humane approach with promising opportunities for social guarantees, security, and a tolerant attitude of society in the further use of digital technology aspects in the labor market. 

shadow employment, informal employment, digital technologies, undeclared work, digitalization, labor market, social and labour relations 

The peculiarities of employment in the banking sector of the economy are studied. The paper aims to examine the features of the bank staff employment at the background of global employment trends; conduct comparative analysis of the use of various bank staff employment forms; outline the features of introducing the non-typical forms of the bank staff employment, including outstaffing and remote employment. The context of digitalization and its impact on the employment of the bank staff is outlined. The scientific hypothesis on the impact of digital technologies on the employment in banking is tested. The consequences of the reduction of number of banks from 2014 to the present day and its influence on the employment are clarified. A comparative analysis of the use of different forms of employment in banking is made. Peculiarities of introduction of non-standard forms of employment in banking are considered. The advantages of using part-time and borrowed labour are proved. The paper points out that despite the lack of legal basis for the introduction of an outstaffing employment model in banking, it demonstrates certain advantages (employment contract) and bottlenecks (lack of stability for banking employees) in practice. The introduction of a regime of remote and virtual work in Ukrainian banks, which is associated with the conditions of the pandemic and crisis, is justified. Based on the monitoring of expert opinions of some Ukrainian banks and the practice of their work in the context of the virus crisis, the feasibility of introducing remote work in banking, which has the character of remote work based on appropriate qualifications and proper IT literacy, is outlined. The expanded range of outsourcing entities opens new opportunities for bank institutions in terms of improving the performance efficiency. 

bank, banking employee, employment, non-typical forms, borrowed work, outstaffing, remote work 

The scientific hypothesis about the influence of the components of the informational environment on the expansion of human development is tested. The trends in the Ukrainian information space on the level of implementation of informational technology in human life are revealed. The sample survey about living conditions of households in Ukraine in general and the oblasts of the Carpathian region, in particular, is conducted. The ways of use of Internet services by households for involvement of the population in various spheres of public activity and their influence on human development of the oblasts of the Carpathian region are analyzed. The analysis showed a significant reduction in the share of households by objectives: education and training (formal education in school and higher education, distance education, including online activities); software download. The search for information related to health issues and interaction with public authorities has great potential for human development. The paper concludes that the population of the Carpathian region is insufficiently involved in the use of Internet services. Based on the analysis of indicators of the Global Competitiveness Index, the problems in the field of expanding human development opportunities in Ukraine are described. There is mainly a downward trend in the development of areas involved in expanding human development opportunities in the transition to the information economy - education, health, labor, science and innovation. Relevant guidelines for the implementation of state social policy in this area are identified. Social policy as a direction of state regulation of the economy requires a transition from mostly passive to active and effective state social policy. It is necessary to update the mechanisms for conducting active social policy at the level of the state, various administrative, public organizations, and enterprises. Social policy must be closely linked with the implementation of internal reforms in the country (education, health, pensions, taxes and wages, etc.). Social policy measures should be coordinated with measures of other types of state policy - migration, the formation and development of the middle class, the policy of investing in human capital. 

human development, information society, information economy, social policy, human capital, Carpathian region 

The concept of educational migration and the societies in which it is created are defined; the main components and their features are outlined. The necessary statistical information is generated for the evaluation of the environment of creation of educational migration. The value of the factor of educational migration in the formation of analytical support system is discussed. The paper proves that in the era of freedom of knowledge movement on the European continent and development of "European Higher Education Area" (EHEA) and "European Research Area" (ERA) the processes of educational migration and academic mobility of Ukrainians are linked to job search. The notion of the educational migration and its five main components are described: the quantitative dimension of the potential of educational migration; quality of academic environment; motivational conditions; possibilities of cooperation between universities and industry in research; institutional condition in education. The author shows that the first component characterizes the educational and informational condition of forming of educational migration, the second - educational and scientific conditions, the third - socio-economic, socio-demographic, political conditions, the forth - innovative conditions, the fifth – institutional ones. The list of indexes for quantitative presentation of each component of the environment of educational migration is presented. The conclusion was made about the objective need to monitor the state of migration activity and the formation of system of informational and analytical support. The regional index of educational migration environment is suggested to be calculated. 

educational migration, environment, components, condition of the environment formation, indexes, monitoring 

The issues of not only securing the operational capability of Ukrainian Military Forces but also increasing importance of social and legal protection of military personnel and their family members has been in the focus of events in Ukraine lately (since 2014). The foundations of social protection of military personnel emphasize the establishment of guarantees that secure the realization of constitutional rights and freedoms, meeting the material and spiritual needs of military personnel in terms of the special type of their service, status in society and maintaining the social stability in military environment. The paper defines the peculiarities and problem issues of social protection of military personnel – participants of anti-terroristic operation (ATO) in conditions of aggravated military-political situation in the country. The level of meeting the ATO participants’ needs in subsidies and compensations stipulated by the Law of Ukraine «On the Status of War Veterans and Guarantees of Their Social Protection» is estimated. Problem issues of realization of state social protection guarantees for ATO participants in terms of medicine, rehabilitation, housing, education, labour, infrastructure and land property are outlined. The measures are suggested to reduce or eliminate the negative impact of social risks on military personnel, who have no other sources of receiving decent living conditions due to their service. The place and role of various social responsibility entities in military environment in the system of social protection of military personnel is shown. Social responsibility of the command staff of a military unit and military commissariats for granting the military personnel the status of the participant of military actions and the need to inform military personnel on free of charge professional medical assistance in military medical facilities is emphasized. Problem issues in realization of state guarantees of social protection of anti-terroristic operation participants in terms of housing and utilities policy (social programs) for military personnel on allocation of land plots are outlined. The paper proves that the issue of professional growth (additional education, re-qualification) testifies to the understanding of the latter component in labour capacity of working-age individuals, who the military personnel is as well. The suggested ways to reduce or eliminate negative impact of social risks on military personnel strengthen the role of various social responsibility entities in military environment. 

social protection, military personnel, АТО, state guarantees, social responsibility