The main features of the Ukraine’s demographic development before the full-scale invasion of Russia on 24.02.2022 have been identified: a constant significant reduction in the population number since 1993, caused primarily by a drop in the birth rate; intensive migration flows dominated by labor emigration; the appearance 1.5 million of internally displaced persons (IDP) since 2014; population aging; spread of depopulation from the east and northeast to the central regions of the country. It is estimated that the existing population of all of Ukraine at the beginning of 2022 was 39.6-40.1 million people, and without the territories occupied in 2014 – 33.5-34 million. The Russian-Ukrainian war became the main factor in the catastrophic aggravation of the demographic crisis in Ukraine and its regions. The war caused tens of thousands of deaths in Ukraine (civilian and military casualties), more than 14 million forced migrants, significant deformations of population structures: demo-reproductive, marriage-family, socio-economic, language-national, confessional, psycho-mental, and others. In addition to an increase in mortality and a decrease in the birth rate, the demographic consequences of the war are significant migration losses, deterioration of health and reduced life expectancy, decrease in economic activity, aggravation risk of social problems of veterans and IDPs reintegration. A demographic macro-zoning scheme has been developed, the criteria of which are the peculiarities of the course of military operations in certain territories, different periods of temporary occupation of Ukrainian territories, the structure of the population of the regions and its dynamics during wartime, the volume of forced migration. The main problems of the demographic development in the selected 5 macro-regions are formulated. The prospects of post-war demographic development and the main directions of socio-demographic policy, which will contribute to strengthening the demographic sustainability in Ukraine, are determined. The main ones are the demographic orientation of state and regional strategies and programs, the creation of conditions for the rapid return of forced migrants from abroad, the promotion of birth rates, the strengthening of the family institution, the socialization and social integration of war veterans, ensuring the competitiveness of older age groups in the labor market. 

demographic sustainability, demographic crisis, demographic catastrophe, demographic dimension of genocide, forced migration, demographic macro-zoning, socio-demographic policy 

Over the past few years, there has been a decline in real incomes, which has substantially increased the level of poverty in Ukraine and its regions. One of the main indicators of poverty is the share of people whose incomes are below the subsistence minimum. However, in terms of inflation, increase in the cost of housing and utility services, the size of the officially approved subsistence minimum has been growing at a significantly slower pace than the specified determinants of the living standard of the population. Therefore, for the purpose of an adequate poverty measuring, the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine has proposed another indicator, instead of the mentioned one, – the actual (estimated) subsistence minimum (ASM), calculated on the basis of actual market prices. It was found that Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr oblasts, as well as Khmelnytsky and Kherson oblasts have constantly high rates of poverty. These are the areas with a big share of rural population and low population density. Kiev, Donetsk and Mykolaiv oblasts joined them in 2017. The share of poor population has considerably decreased in the eastern and central regions of the country, namely in Poltava, Cherkassy and Kharkiv oblasts. The lowest levels of poverty have been observed in Ivano-Frankivsk, Poltava, Vinnytsia oblasts and in Kyiv city. Considering a high growth rate of food, non-food products and services costs used in calculating the actual subsistence level, it can be predicted that in 2019 the share of people whose income is less than ASM will not decrease. The role of social support of the population in the form of financial and in-kind assistance decreased. In general, in Ukraine, fewer citizens are accounted as those being in difficult living conditions and in need of such support, which is mostly provided in kind. Another indicator of poverty – the share of food costs – is slowly decreasing, but currently the average value of this indicator in the country is four times more than in the EU. In the regional context, the same Rivne, Volyn, Kyiv, Donetsk and Kherson oblasts stand out. At the same time, in Zaporizhia, Sumy, Chernivtsi, Poltava oblasts and in Kyiv city, the share of food costs in recent years has not exceeded 50%. The analysis of this indicator shows a weak impact of crisis phenomena on the structure of total household expenditures, which receive other types of income, mostly from various forms of informal employment. Increase in minimum social standards is a compulsory step towards poverty overcoming. The growth of the minimum wage is less than the growth of the actual subsistence minimum, which at the end of 2018 already exceeded the main social standard. However, comparison of the minimum wage growth rate with the actual subsistence level indicates that the planned social standards increase will only maintain the current level of poverty in Ukraine and its regions. 

poverty, region, subsistence minimum, minimum wage, financial and in-kind assistance, food costs 

The development of the energy sector of the economy in the Western region of Ukraine is explored. The priority directions of creation of new workplaces in connection with the implementation of the energy efficiency strategy are determined. 

energy, Western region of Ukraine, regional labour market, new workplaces