The urgency of the formation of technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy under the current global challenges and threats is substantiated. The analysis of the national institutional and organizational system of state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the economy has been carried out. The importance of forming in the country of institutional, organizational and institutional-legal systems of the state policy of ensuring innovation-technological activity and development is pointed out. The condition of the institutional and legal system of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy is revealed. The results of the analysis of the state policy of ensuring the technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy by management functions are presented. The paper emphasizes that the following disadvantages of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness: by the function of analysis - the lack of a system of complex analysis and evaluation of innovation and technical activity; by function of planning - non-institutionalization of the system of programming and planning of technological competitiveness of economy; by function of organization - non-construction of a complete organizational and institutional system of state regulation of innovative activity; by function of motivation - absence of sufficient customs-tariff and budget-tax stimulation of innovation and technological activity; by the control function - unformed environment of independent institutions for monitoring and control of the state innovation and technological policy. The paper substantiates that technological competitiveness of the economy is formed in stages according to the levels: factor competitive advantages of strategic enterprises, strengthening of competitive positions of clusters, development of "strong" industries, technological competitive advantages of the economy, international competitiveness. The fact that technological competitiveness of each country is based on its own model and does not fit into the universal "ideal" scenario is emphasized.
economic competitiveness, technological component, state technological policy
Infrastructure development stands out among the prime goals of an economy’s social and economic trajectory. Being a major driving force of wellbeing, economic growth strongly depends on infrastructure. An increase in capital investments in infrastructure has a comprehensive positive effect on an economy. Public-private partnership (PPP) is of particular importance for an efficient economic development strategy, especially for that of an emerging economy. Providing for sustainable economic growth is a struggle for emerging economies due to a wide spectrum of negative features they possess such as poor governance, corruption and widespread poverty. Involvement of private investment in terms of PPP leads to a decrease in government expenditures. Creating a favorable environment for PPP precedes a rapid increase in the number of private companies willing to compete for those contracts. Hectic competition expedites the establishment of the market economy, which is a reasonable conclusion to an emerging economy. Competing for a tender coerces private parties to generate as innovative approaches as possible in order to win. Maintaining a constantly increasing share of innovative activity in constructing and operating infrastructure is a viable opportunity to make a highly urbanized area gain a momentum towards more sustainable environment. Being a means of promoting green and smart technologies, PPP enables expediting integration into the global economy. Encouraging PPP facilitates globalization. Widespread utilization of PPP contracts in governmental procurement transfers risks related to construction and maintenance of infrastructure to private parties. Sustaining a creditworthy institutional and regulatory environment mitigates high sensitivity of PPP to crisis and derivative events. Ukraine is highly likely to significantly benefit from PPP. Considering Ukraine’s strong intention to integrate into the European Union, PPP may help to boost infrastructure development. It is recommended for Ukraine to follow the principle of reciprocate motivation in order to succeed in establishing an efficient mechanism of PPP development.
public-private partnership, infrastructure development, infrastructure investments, social and economic development, emerging economies
The article is devoted to overview of methodological approaches to the analysis of the global value chains. Value chain is a full range of activities which is done by firm or employees in order to bring a product from its conception to its end use. This also includes activities such as design, production, marketing, distribution and support to the final consumer. Global value chains (GVC) involve different type of firm from different countries in such activities. The paper emphasizes that this research topic is interdisciplinary. Topics in GVC literature include variety of aspects: impact of globalization on employment, horizontal and vertical links between enterprises in the chain, governance structure of organizing international production networks, supply and income distribution, spread of innovation and technology, firms’ upgrading etc. Generally, A. Morrison, C. Pietrobelli and R. Rabellotti have identified two different “schools” or approaches within the broad GVC literature: the internationalist approach and the industrialist approach. Typology of global value chains is quite developed topic. Such types as market type, modular type, relational type, captive type, hierarchy type of governance have been distinguished and described by foreign researches. Elements of modernization processes of the value chain have been highlighted. Approaches to upgrading of value added production can be considered as upgrading of products (and packaging), upgrading of processes, functional upgrading, inter-sectoral upgrading. Also concept of upgrading can relate to upgrading of value chain-network structure and upgrading of governance structures. The topic of barriers for integration in global value chains for developing countries is crucial. There are several factors affecting developing country competitiveness in GVCs: productive capacity, infrastructure and service, business environment, trade and investment policy, industry institutionalization. The main conclusions emerging from analytical overview presented in this article are that various approaches to GVCs analysis exist and that the choice of particular approach should be based on specific research topic which is investigated as well as data sources (e.g. firms’ business record, input-output tables, interviews with enterprises, business association, government officers etc).
global value chains, analytical frameworks, governance, modernization
The problems of structural changes in the economy of large and medium-sized cities of the Western region of Ukraine are investigated. Special attention is paid to the spatial localization of cities, the cultural and historical traditions of functioning of their economy, the branch specialization and institutional environment of influence on the formation of business climate and economic development as the main factors of structural transformation of urban economy. To compare the peculiarities of economy transformation in the selected for the study large and medium-sized cities of the Western region of Ukraine, the dynamics of change of individual comparable indicators of their development in 2010 - 2017 were analyzed. This primarily relates to such indicators as the volume of freight transportations, the total area of new residential buildings, the retail turnover of enterprises, the capital investments, as well as the export services and its ratio to the export of goods. Based on the analysis of the relevant data, the main tendencies of structural transformation of the economy of large and medium-sized cities of the Western region of Ukraine that were selected for the study have been identified. The mentioned structural transformation are confirmed to be occurring primarily in the direction of equalization of the branch proportions of economic development of cities, irrespective of their size. At the same time, there is a tendency to move from mono-functional to poly-functional specialization of the urban economy on the basis of accelerated growth of those types of economic activity, the potential of which has not been fully realized before. The research gave the basis for the conclusion that the size of the city is not the determinative factor for the development or decline of certain types of their economic activity. Instead, spatial localization and traditions of business culture as well as the characteristic features of the evolution of the institutional environment of the city and the quality of human capital have the primary importance.
large and medium-sized cities, transformation of economy, branch specialization, structural changes, economic development
The scale and deep heterogeneity of the national economy of Ukraine in the regional context make the relevance of scientific research in this thematic area. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic specialization of the regions of Ukraine by key economic activities contributing to the formation of gross value added, as well as outlining the potential risks to the national economy, taking into account the situation on world commodity markets. The results of the research showed that one of the consequences of the unstable dynamics of industrial production in Ukraine under the influence of geopolitical and macroeconomic factors is the reduction of industrial specialization of the economy of a number of Ukrainian regions. Thus, in 2017 the manufacturing was the leading economic activity (with the highest share in the gross value added created) in 11 regions, compared to 15 in 2012. So Poltava, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions are considered to be “highly industrial”. At the same time, the agrarian specialization of the economy of Ukraine and its regions deepened – in 2017 agriculture became the leading type of economic activity in 11 regions (compared to 7 in 2012). The most “agrarian” in Ukraine (with a share of agriculture in gross value added over 30%) in 2017 became the Kherson, Kirovohrad and Khmelnytsky regions. Increasing the level of “agrarianization” of the national economy in the context of volatility of agricultural commodity prices on the world markets poses significant risks for the socio-economic development of Ukraine and its regions. These risks are exacerbated by the high amplitude of fluctuations in the volume and structure of domestic agricultural products and the low degree of processing of raw materials. To improve the structure of domestic commodity exports (in the direction of increasing its share of products with a higher degree of processing) and to deepen its diversification, a number of measures should be carried out aimed at stimulating export activity of enterprises (industrial and agro-industrial), carrying out technical and technological re-equipment of industrial and export production bases, creation of new high-tech industries on the basis of the implementation of powerful innovation and investment projects.
economic specialization, industry, agriculture, structure, gross value added, export
Modern dynamic development of the Ukrainian society and its integration into global social and economic space is followed by emergence of a wide range of problems (internal and external calls and threats of political and financial and economic nature; spatial deformations at the regional and local levels, growth of a fragmentariness and asymmetry in social and economic development of regions, areas, cities and rural territories, lack of systemic nature and coordination of all participants of regional development), the majority of which is especially sharply shown at the regional level. In this regard, there is a need to reveal the spatial development characteristics and problems of the cities and rural territories for Ukrainian regions, to identify their weaknesses and strengths, in order to determine the optimal mechanism for improving spatial development, which would in the future allow for efficient combining of the state and regional interests in the process of ensuring sustainable development of social and economic space and its regional subsystems. The basic spatial tendencies and characteristic features of socio-economic development of cities and rural territories of Zaporizhia region are highlighted, as well as the optimum mechanism of improvement of their spatial development taking into account regional specificity is outlined. The analysis of the main socio-economic and spatial development indicators allowed us to identify the main characteristics of the urbanization process in the region and its impact on the development of suburban areas. Ranging of cities and areas of the region by the level of social and economic development by means of an integrated index of economic development of the cities and districts of the Zaporizhia region based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of various aspects of social and economic dynamics of their development is carried out. This approach allowed us to ensure the validity and methodological correctness of comparisons of cities and districts parameters in Zaporizhia region by partial integral indexes (economic, social and environmental), and also to determine the place of each of them by rating in the region, which allowed to reliably estimate the depth and extent of their socio-economic development differentiation.
spatial development, socio-economic development, urbanization, monocentricity, old industrial region, index of economic development
Existing instruments to stimulate the creation of urban ATCs on the basis of the cities of oblast significance are examined, including financial subventions for infrastructure development, intermunicipal cooperation, voluntary consolidation of territorial communities with the cities of oblast significance, public-private partnership. Major incentives to use intermunicipal cooperation and advantages of consolidation of territorial communities with the cities of oblast significance are defined based on the list of cooperation agreements concluded between the cities of oblast significance. The fact that financial and staff resources are the major additional resources obtained from consolidation with COS for a rural community and spatial and infrastructural – for a city is verified. Substantial increase of the area for an urban ATC contributes to activation of entrepreneurship and investment capacity of cities and improvement of spatial planning in the perspective, leading to post-industrial agglomeration, strengthening of spatial and institutional cohesion of population, etc. Despite the positive aspects of forming of ATCs on the basis of the cities of oblast significance, some problems faced in rushed consolidation are outlined, namely the non-compliance with the criteria of the methodics of ATCs forming, shown in deformation of location of the community center and incompact configuration, which should be considered and compensated at this stage of decentralization. Small towns with adjoined communities of suburban area prevail among the cities of oblast significance due to the fact that they prevail among other urban settlements (82 small towns of oblast significance) and due to substantial growth of financial resource, which requires new areas for investment and infrastructural projects and creation of new jobs. Main incentives and obstacles for further successful consolidation of rural and town territorial communities with the cities of oblast significance are defined. Recommendations for further development of cities of oblast significance in the context of three groups of the cities of oblast significance existing at current decentralization stage are suggested and perspectives of organization of the communities’ economic activity in order to strengthen their financial capacity are outlined.
urban amalgamated territorial communities on the basis of the cities of oblast significance (ATCs-COSs), tools, intermunicipal cooperation, subvention for infrastructure development, public-private partnership
The article analyzes the current state and tendencies of development of industrial goods export from Lviv кegion to the countries of the European Union. The paper reveals that in the period 2000–2018 there was a growing tendency of the volume of industrial production, which in 2018 increased 27.6 times compared to the beginning of the analyzed period. The situation on the foreign market was also found to be positive: in 2018 the volume of export of manufactured goods increased more than 30 times compared to 2000. The peculiarities of export of goods from Lviv Region are investigated. The share of exports of goods to EU countries in the total export of goods from the Lviv Region is estimated to be significantly high and ranging from 64.2 per cent in 2010 to 78.6 per cent in 2018. A number of the largest trading partners among the European Union countries to which industrial goods from Lviv Region are exported are highlighted. The largest export of industrial goods from the EU countries was sent to Denmark, Italy, Germany, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The dynamics and structure of export of industrial goods from Lviv Region to the countries of the European Union are presented. It is estimated that, in terms of the structure of export of industrial goods, a significant share is occupied by the export of wood and its products (11.0–11.9 per cent), textile materials and textile products (12.2–16.4 per cent), machinery, equipment and mechanisms, electrical equipment (30.6-35.1 per cent) and various industrial goods (13.7-16.5 per cent). The main reasons for the decline in exports of industrial goods from Lviv Region to the EU countries in 2018 are highlighted. In particular, such reasons are: decrease in production of some industrial products in the region, dependence on the level of world prices for these goods and on the market situation of industrial goods in EU countries, increase in export of manufactured goods to other countries of the world.
industry, foreign trade, export, export potential, Lviv region, European Union
The volumes and changes in grain production in the regions of Ukraine are analyzed. The grain production volumes are revealed to have increased by 11.11% in 2013-2018. Poltava, Vinnytsia and Chernihiv regions were the leaders among the regions, where they produced about 24.5% of the total grain in Ukraine. The paper determines that high levels of grain production have led to an oversaturation of the domestic market and increased exports of this product. At the same time, the volumes and growth rates of wheat or wheat-rye flour, which is the basis of deep processing, decreased. The production of this grain processing product is concentrated in Vinnytsia, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Khmelnytsky regions. In total, more than 50% of flour from the total production in Ukraine were produced in these regions in 2018. According to trends in grain production and its processing, regions of Ukraine are grouped into: regions with high levels of grain production and processing (Vinnytsia, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Khmelnytsky); regions with high levels of grain production and low volumes of its processing (Poltava, Chernihiv, Cherkasy, Sumy, Odesa, Kirovohrad oblasts); regions with a tendency to increase the volumes of grain processing (Zhytomyr, Lviv and Volyn oblasts); regions that increase grain production, but the volume of its processing decreases (Ternopil, Kherson, Zaporizhia, Rivne and Ivano-Frankivsk and Mykolaiv); regions with a tendency to decrease the volume of grain production and processing (Donetsk, Luhansk, Zakarpattya and Chernivtsi regions. The ways of further development of these regions in terms of grain production and processing are suggested. The following measures will contribute to consolidation of positive trends in grain production: updating of technological support of grain production in order to reduce its cost and increase the opportunities for creating an ecological product that will be competitive in the world market; increase of elevator capacity, which will prevent the risk of losses due to poor storage of products.
Interest in land-use changes (LUC) research has been growing rapidly in recent years. This topic has already become the subject of a separate scientific discipline – land use science (or land change science). In order to formulate relevant future policy and develop appropriate land-use management tools, it is crucial to know how the LUC шьзфсе the environment and society condition. For Ukraine, where the structure of land use and the system of land resources management have significantly changed during the years of post-socialist transformation of land relations, the study of the LUC on a modern methodological basis is especially actual. The paper, based on a critical analysis of publications in leading international journals over the last thirty years, identifies key directions of LUC studies and analyzes their methodological features. There is a significant increase of the number of works based on the results of meta-studies and the use of a wide range of methods for modeling the LUC processes, their causes and possible consequences. The great "synergistic potential" of integration of the selected directions is noted, which makes it possible to accelerate the development of the general theory of land use and increase its use efficiency in substantiation of management decisions in the sphere of land use and modernization of the mechanisms of state land, spatial and ecological policies with consideration of existing and potential globalizing challenges. In this context, the key role of the land use integrated planning methodology at regional and local levels is emphasized. This methodology would require close cooperation between government, business and the public in developing a common vision for the implementation of specific land use plans and projects based on the principles of subsidiarity, participativity and shared responsibility.
land-use changes, socio-natural approach, cause and effect relations, meta-studies, modeling, land policy
In the current conditions of economic development, it is important to pay attention to the study of the main types of risks, effective methods of evaluation, monitoring, analysis of banking risks. One of the main approaches to quantitatively assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers is credit scoring. The objective of credit scoring is to optimize management decisions regarding the possibility of providing bank loans. In the article, the scientific and methodological provisions concerning the formation of a regression model for assessing bank risks in the process of granting loans to borrowers has been proposed. The proposed model is based on the use of logistic regression tools, discriminant analysis with the use of expert evaluation. During the formation of a regression model, the relationship between risk factors and probable magnitude of loan risk has been established. In the course of calculations, the coefficient of the individual's solvency has been calculated. Direct computer data preparation, including the calculation of the indicators selected in the process of discriminant analysis, has been carried out in the Excel package environment, followed by their import into the STATISTICA package for analysis in the “Logistic regression” sub-module of the “Nonlinear evaluation” module. The adequacy of the constructed model has been determined using the Macfaden's likelihood ratio index. The calculated value of the Macfaden's likelihood ratio index indicates the adequacy of the constructed model. The ability to issue loans to new clients has been evaluated using a regression model. The conducted calculations show the possibility of granting a loan exclusively to the second and third clients. The offered method allows to conduct assessment of client's solvency and risk prevention at different stages of lending, facilitates the possibility to independently make informed decisions on credit servicing of clients and management of a loan portfolio, optimization of management decisions in banks. In order for a loan-based model to continue to perform its functions, it must be periodically adjusted.
The theoretical and methodological principles of promising managerial decisions concerning the efficiency of attracting financial resources, as well as creation of fundamentally new sources of funding for the development of energy-oriented start-ups are considered. The role and place of the sectors of innovative energy saving and alternative sources of power supply in a complex system of energy independence of the country are determined. The way and the main directions of research and development of the ways to solve the aforementioned problem are outlined. As part of the search for optimization solutions, it is suggested to use the principles of the existing statistical and mathematical apparatus, marketing achievements and achievements in network development that take place in gaming business. An analogue comparison of the principal models was carried out, during which the existing types of energy-oriented start-ups were determined and presented. A separate direction in the economic search is proposed, and its profile characteristics are outlined. The type of model is typical for Ukrainian conditions. The author proposed a method of comparing strategies for attracting financial resources into a gaming business in the core of the research. To solve the investigated problem, it is proposed to apply the property of the law of the emergence. The analysis is based on a concrete example of the functioning of the tender procedure, namely the organization of public procurement. The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze the author's proposal to focus on such an important phenomenon as the constant creation of the difference between the expected price and the final contractual price. The model of the solution is based on the systematic combination of this phenomenon and the administrative stimulation of implementation of exclusively energy-innovation projects. The combination of these two points is the basis of an optimization policy for the potential formation and maintenance of a state program to search and stimulate the sources of funding for power plants.
The concept of educational migration and the societies in which it is created are defined; the main components and their features are outlined. The necessary statistical information is generated for the evaluation of the environment of creation of educational migration. The value of the factor of educational migration in the formation of analytical support system is discussed. The paper proves that in the era of freedom of knowledge movement on the European continent and development of "European Higher Education Area" (EHEA) and "European Research Area" (ERA) the processes of educational migration and academic mobility of Ukrainians are linked to job search. The notion of the educational migration and its five main components are described: the quantitative dimension of the potential of educational migration; quality of academic environment; motivational conditions; possibilities of cooperation between universities and industry in research; institutional condition in education. The author shows that the first component characterizes the educational and informational condition of forming of educational migration, the second - educational and scientific conditions, the third - socio-economic, socio-demographic, political conditions, the forth - innovative conditions, the fifth – institutional ones. The list of indexes for quantitative presentation of each component of the environment of educational migration is presented. The conclusion was made about the objective need to monitor the state of migration activity and the formation of system of informational and analytical support. The regional index of educational migration environment is suggested to be calculated.
educational migration, environment, components, condition of the environment formation, indexes, monitoring
Updating research on incorporate capitalization as the primary source of the growth in the value results of capital formation stems from the fact that in post-industrial conditions of the enterprise activities its success depends on the ability to produce and use new knowledge, organizational nature of which is studied in the incorporated plane. The concept of incorporate capitalization is new in the theory of capitalization of the enterprise, while it is actively developing and acquiring new characteristics. According to the conceptual logic of understanding of strategy (context, attitudes, process and content), it defines the content of each of the concepts in aspect of incorporated capitation. The main focus of the study was the strategic orientation on training and self-study, due to the competition in the field of tacit knowledge and core competencies, which are formed and reproduced exclusively within a particular company. It is proved that the vast majority of models of transformation of knowledge focuses on the codification, storage and reuse of knowledge. However, in contemporary post-industrial conditions of this mechanistic approach is not relevant because in this context it allows enterprises to gain a competitive advantage. Innovations are possible only through constant updating of knowledge, creation of new combinations and prioritization of the influence of tacit knowledge on the formation and growth of the economic performance of enterprises. The specifics of capital formation in this aspect acquire new characteristics and are determined by the organizational ability to transform tacit knowledge into explicit and formalized, which directly impacts the productivity of capital in space.
This scientific article considers all aspects, modern importance and growing role of the social media marketing and advertisement in the general spectrum of marketing activity for developed and developing brands. Investigational actuality and basic directions of application of all spectrum of instruments of social networks for the sake of advancement of product and the processes of forming perception of trade mark and forming the image of brand are analyzed by the authors of the article. The given scientific article highlights the most popular trends and patterns of goods and trademarks’ promotion in the world in the context of updating the concept of advertising on social networks. The bigger and more engaged your target audience is on social media networks (Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube etc), the easier it will be for you to achieve every other marketing or business goal. The importance of social media marketing’s assistance in attracting new potential clients and customers to the company is also considered in the given article. Besides that, the authors of the article list and analyse wide spectrum of basic trends considering promotion and advertising in 2019 among the well-known brands. In addition to this all, the list of the most successful publicity advertisement campaigns of this year and brands which were promoted with their assistance are listed and analysed. In the context of the study, it shows up that advertising campaigns play a significant role not only in reaching sales but also in generating overall customer loyalty to the brand. This makes it possible to argue that the most reputable brands should have an important social goal that will be positively accepted by society and target audience in addition to the high quality and usability of the products or services. Social networking is the easiest way to see the social response to your promotion and lead to an instant purchase. Therefore, relying on the experience of the already well-known multinational and transnational corporations, social media marketing should take a significant share of the overall promotion of the company. The connection between the brand and potential customer should be built on the emotions that accompany consumers when viewing ads and using products. This scientific article eventually declares conclusions and prognoses in relation to subsequent development of these instruments and platforms for advancement and branding of small and large enterprises in future. It states that emotional connection between person and brand is much more effective for the company than an expensive ad.
social media marketing, advertising, advertising campaign, advertising process management, native advertising
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