economic activity in the face of the war shock. The article shows that the relocation of business in the context of a full-scale war has led to the deindustrialization of the eastern regions and the strengthening of the industrialization of the western regions. The article reveals that the relocation of business, which was accompanied by a change in the spatial structure of the economy, was also characterized by the migration of economic, financial, investment, and innovation capital from the east to the west of the country. On the other hand, the relocation of a large number of enterprises to regions far from the combat zone was accompanied by tensions between relocated and local companies due to the difference in organizational and behavioral models of doing business. As a result, there was a low level of integration of relocated businesses into the local economy and little cooperation with local governments. The authors identify the main problems most often encountered by enterprises during relocation (first of all, the mismatch of engineering, transport infrastructure and industrial sites in the host regions with the needs of large industrial enterprises; the need to train specialists with appropriate qualifications at the relocation sites; high cost and legal and technical complexity of relocation procedures; loss of resources, goods, and fixed assets during relocation; restrictions on mobility for certain types of business due to their territorial “tying” (primarily agribusiness and large manufacturing and logistics companies)). The article identifies that the change in the spatial structure of the economy is also associated with a decrease in the business activity of agricultural enterprises whose business is tied to a specific territory. The authors emphasize that the temporal and spatial uncertainty of the hostilities, as well as the relocation of business, have led to the processes of reorientation of transport and logistics routes of business entities. This includes the destruction of critical and production infrastructure; logistical problems due to the limited capacity of Ukrzaliznytsya and the closure of Black Sea ports (primarily for industrial enterprises); increased production and export losses due to military disruption of normal supply chains; and a lack of orders and demand for goods (works and services). The article reveals that in the context of the reorientation of transport and logistics routes of business entities, the regions of southern Ukraine suffered the most, where sea transportation became impossible in the first months of the war. In general, the regions of Western Ukraine and Poltavska oblast demonstrated faster adaptation and post-shock recovery of the business environment. The main factors that impeded the resilience of the business sector in the Central and Eastern regions included geographic location (proximity to the front line), as well as logistical and energy challenges.
disproportionality of economic development, business relocation, entrepreneurship development, regional economy, Russia's war against Ukraine, post-war reconstruction of Ukraine
The outbreak of a full-scale war has had a negative impact on the entrepreneurial sector in all regions of Ukraine without exception, which requires a serious review and search for opportunities for Ukraine’s transition from states with unstable institutions and inability to develop an entrepreneurial environment to the circle of countries that stimulate entrepreneurial activity. The spatial dimension of these processes is crucial for Ukraine, as the regions differ significantly in the quality and level of development of the entrepreneurial environment. The article aims to identify the main problems of the entrepreneurial sector caused by the full-scale war and to determine the ways to overcome them in the context of reducing interregional imbalances. The article emphasizes the need to find tools and mechanisms that help stimulate entrepreneurial activity, taking into account the spatial dimension of these processes, which is extremely important for Ukraine since regions differ significantly in the quality and level of development of the entrepreneurial environment. The author identifies specific factors that reduce the capacity of certain groups of regions and territorial communities, including the security factor, relocation of enterprises and displacement of labor resources as a result of forced mass displacement of the population, withdrawal of a significant part of land from economic circulation, including due to contamination with explosive devices, destruction of budget-forming enterprises or infrastructure facilities, etc., loss of powerful logistics capacity and tourism as a significant area of economic development, reduction of state support for development, complete loss of logistics capacity, irreversible changes in the development of the agricultural sector (inability to use the territories and deterioration of soil conditions due to contamination by explosive objects, the explosion of the Kahovska hydroelectric power station and the impact on soil fertility in the southern oblasts) and the logistics of agricultural products, and increased burden on engineering and social infrastructure given the growing number of residents due to IDPs and relocated businesses. The article notes that the issue of overcoming regional imbalances in the functioning and development of the entrepreneurial sector in the context of war is, on the one hand, directly related to ensuring the sustainability of economic entities and, on the other hand, is a prerequisite for ensuring resilient spatial development in Ukraine. The author proposes mechanisms and tools to restore economic capacity and entrepreneurial activity in the recovery areas, areas with special conditions for development, as well as promising mechanisms for scaling up the positive economic effects of regional growth poles and sustainable development areas. The article determines that the implementation of the mechanisms and instruments mentioned in the article on the basis of a systematic approach will help to overcome spatial imbalances in interregional and intraregional development and will allow to create an integrated economic space of the state.
entrepreneurial activity, regional imbalances, spatial development, region, territorial community
The article studies the features and establishment of specific features of law enforcement agencies and the peculiarities of financing the activities of entities ensuring the implementation of law enforcement functions and determines strategic directions for reforming the activities of the entities ensuring the implementation of law enforcement functions. The concept of “law enforcement agency” and signs and vectors of institutional support for the implementation of state policy in the field of law enforcement are defined, including 1) creation of special law enforcement agencies to prevent and counter the most important social problems: cybercrime; distribution and production of drugs; 2) shaping a communication strategy for the interaction of law enforcement agencies; 3) establishment of a permanent representation of Europol. An analysis of state budgets for 2019-2023 is carried out to assess the level of financial support for law enforcement agencies and state authorities performing law enforcement functions. The role and main tasks of the Bureau of Economic Security are determined. Priority directions for expanding the activities of law enforcement agencies in the context of preventing and countering economic crime are proposed. Ways of organizing joint activities of law enforcement agencies are proposed: creation of joint investigation groups, involvement of specialists, joint use of resources, exchange of information, and consultations. The state of financing the activities of law enforcement agencies is studied, and the following areas of improvement of this process are suggested: forecasting the covert expenditures for special operations; reporting to the profile committee of the Parliament of Ukraine; development of a financing mechanism for joint operations; financing the interaction of law enforcement agencies with international police organizations; financing the continuous education of law enforcement officers; financing the retraining of law enforcement officers of working age who stop working in the law enforcement system; provision of funding for the creation of scientific laboratories; financing the temporary joint investigative interagency groups; financing the study of economic and financial aspects of war crimes. The article proposes directions for the expansion of the activities of law enforcement agencies, in particular: the priority areas of joint activity of law enforcement agencies in the implementation of the state policy of prevention and counteraction of economic crime are defined; the form of organization of joint activity of law enforcement agencies in the implementation of the state policy of prevention and counteraction of economic crime is substantiated.
economic security, law enforcement activity, economic crime
The article analyzes the structure and dynamics of Ukraine's commodity exports in 2022 in monetary and weight terms by product groups and items. Exports fell in 19 out of 20 analyzed commodity groups. The structure of commodity exports of Ukraine in 2022 remained conditionally stable. Thus, the largest shares in the structure of commodity exports by commodity groups in 2021 and 2022 accounted for groups II. products of plant origin; III. 15 fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin; XV. low-value metals and products from them. The largest shares in the structure of Ukrainian exports in terms of product positions in 2022 and 2021 accounted for corn, wheat sunflower, safflower or cottonseed oil, and iron ores and concentrates. The article reveals that the dynamics and structure of exports by commodity items in monetary terms differ significantly from similar indicators in weight terms. This is explained by a significant difference between the cost of exporting raw materials and products of their processing. The export value of products of the iron ore and concentrates commodity item was 15.1 times lower than the export value of products of the pipes, tubes, and hollow, seamless profiles of ferrous metals commodity item in 2022 and 8.6 times in 2021. The author summarizes that the level of decline in Ukraine’s commodity exports in 2022 can be considered an economic achievement, taking into account the catastrophic challenges that the Ukrainian nation is struggling with, as well as in comparison with export trends in 2009 and 2014-2016. This was achieved thanks to the multifaceted, diplomatic, and organizational cooperation of the state and business, the work of the grain corridor, and the liberalization of trade with the EU. At the same time, it is worth emphasizing that the export of raw materials from a statist position constitutes the loss of potential economic benefits that could be obtained by processing these raw materials in the country.
Active processing – incineration and utilization (mechanical and biological treatment), along with passive storage of inert residues in specially designated areas, are the most commonly used waste management techniques in Ukraine. According to European standards, these technologies carry environmental risks to some extent and do not belong to full-fledged recycling. Significant amounts of accumulated and generated waste determine the regional economic capacity that can be used for the introduction of recycling technologies. The article aims to conduct a feasibility study on waste processing in Ukraine, given the regional capacity for the development of recycling technologies. To reach this goal, the following tasks were solved: to analyze the existing technologies for processing household and similar waste and to carry out their economic evaluation; identify areas for innovative development of regional waste management systems in the near future. The analysis of technologies of household and similar waste processing existing in Ukraine is carried out. The article emphasizes that there are a number of problems with their functionality. Emphasis is placed on the availability of powerful raw materials for recycling. The following main problems of waste disposal sites are outlined: lack of their certification due to non-compliance with current standards and continued accumulation of waste despite the exhaustion of service life; voluntary decisions to close technogenic risk landfills; finding alternative ways of waste management. A comparative ecological and economic assessment of waste processing technologies is carried out. The use of innovative technologies of waste incineration through reconstruction and equipping of processing plants with modern combustion and filtration systems of exhaust gases to minimize environmental risks is relevant for the development of waste management systems.
recycling, incineration, mechanical and biological processing, waste disposal sites, disposal, autoclave method of waste processing
The article is dedicated to the problem-oriented analysis of the challenges and risks of social development in the Carpathian region of Ukraine under the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The volumes and dynamics of changes in the structural and qualitative characteristics of forced migration of the population of Ukraine in the Carpathian region across the districts for the period 2022-2023 are assessed. The mountain districts of the Carpathian region of Ukraine (Rakhiv, Uzhhorod, Drohobych, Khust, Nadvirna, Stryi, and Kosiv) were the main centers of attraction of forced migrants in 2022, where the number of forced migrants was more than 1,100 per 10,000 of the local population. In 2023, the territorial distribution of forced migrants changed significantly. There was a concentration of forced migrants in the regional centers of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, whose labor market is more attractive. Problematic aspects of the socialization of forced migrants in the host environment are identified, including limited awareness of rights and opportunities, lack of own housing, financial inability to rent temporary housing, unsatisfactory material condition and social protection of the needs of displaced persons, and illegal employment of forced migrants. The article summarizes that socio-economic disparities, social uncertainty, and war in general have led to a critical weakening of demographic and socio-economic stability and security, a decrease in business activity, a decrease in real incomes, and, as a result, an increase in the poverty level of the population of the regions of the Carpathian region. Thus, in Ukraine, there is a need to build a modern model of social sphere development based on digitalization, equal access to social services and benefits, a high level of social protection, and unhindered participation of all members of society in community life.
social development, Carpathian region, Ukraine, Russian-Ukrainian war, forced migration, social protection, IDPs, labor market
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