The decentralization of the education system and the increased role of local authorities in financing and managing the educational network have become the main focus of the country’s education reform. This requires local governments to take into account changes in the main trends in education and its financing and the correspondence of the number of institutions and staffing to the demographic situation and labor market needs in the region. The article aims to identify the main trends and problems of the functioning of the educational network in Lvivska oblast. The systematic methodological approach in combination with statistical research methods was used in the course of the research to realize its purpose. The article reveals the main trends of changes in the network of pre-school and general secondary education institutions in Lvivska oblast. Problems related to the overcrowding of pre-school educational institutions in the region are clarified. The main problem in the field of pre-school education lies in the discrepancy between the existing needs and the financial possibilities of ensuring the acquisition of pre-school education in territorial communities with a low level of financial capacity. The number of general secondary education institutions has significantly decreased due to the optimization of the educational network in the region. At the same time, inclusive education is developing at a dynamic pace through the creation of inclusive groups and classes, inclusive resource centers, and professional communities of specialists in such centers. The war has made its corrections, in particular, the need to strengthen the security of the educational process. An offline form of education is possible only if there is a suitable shelter in which all students and teaching staff can fit in. The vast majority of educational institutions have created their own shelters, while issues of creating sanitary conditions and compliance of shelters with established norms remain problematic.
pre-school education, general secondary education, financing, local governments, educational network
The article identifies the natural resource dominants for assessing the competitive advantages of the tourism and recreation sector and ensuring the development of sanatorium, resort, and tourist and recreational activities. It analyzes and evaluates the natural resource capacity of sanatorium and resort activities in the Carpathian region in terms of balance reserves of underground mineral and thermal waters, therapeutic peloids, and ozokerite. The author reveals that the balance reserves of all underground mineral water deposits in Lvivska oblast amount to 7.658 thousand m3/day, and the balance reserves of the deposits under development amount to 6.440 thousand m3/day. The total amount of underground mineral water reserves with different chemical and therapeutic properties in Zakarpatska oblast is 4.215 thousand m3/day and in the subsoil of Chernivetska oblast – 0.748 thousand m3/day. Approved operational reserves of mineral water in Ivano-Frankivska oblast are 0.259 thousand m3/day. In general, the explored balance reserves of underground mineral waters in the Carpathian region amount to 12.880 thousand m3/day, thermal waters – 0.871 thousand m3/day, therapeutic peloids – 239.546 thousand m3, and ozokerite – 113.679 thousand tons. The author selects the priority natural resource dominants for the assessment of tourist and recreational activities: forests, mountainous areas, nature reserve fund objects, natural World Heritage sites, river basins, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, and hunting sites. The article shows that the Carpathian region is characterized by high average forest cover (41.3 %) and mountainous areas (41.8 %), a significant number of nature reserve sites (1,782 units with a total area of 706.2 thousand hectares), one natural world heritage site, high average density of the river basin (1.129 km/km2), a small area of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs (36.9 thousand hectares), and an average number of licenses issued for hunting for ungulates (49.8 thousand heads), fur-bearing animals (171.8 thousand heads), and game birds (827.4 thousand heads). The results of the analysis show that the region is attractive for many types of tourist and recreational activities and their development.
Carpathian region, natural conditions, natural resources, tourism and recreation sector, sanatorium and resort activities, tourist and recreational activities, monitoring, competitive advantages
The article presents the theoretical aspects of the study of the system of motivation of citizens (military personnel) in wartime for their entry and (or) continuation of service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. A methodology for assessing the current state of motivation is developed. It allows comparing changes or correlations in the motivational state of citizens subject to mobilization or military personnel in certain periods of time and depending on the age group or region of the country under study. The results of the analysis and assessment of the current state of motivation can serve as a basis for preparing and making managerial decisions to strengthen the motivation of citizens to serve in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The article develops recommendations for further research on the system of motivation of citizens (military) in the context of a large-scale war on their own territory. The methodological approaches provide criteria for assessing the current state of motivation and take into account the weight of motivational factors and motivational clusters - blocks in the overall system of motivational factors in the process of making a decision by a person to mobilize or continue service. The methodology allows comparing the states of motivation, tracking trends, organizing and conducting constant and systematic monitoring and determining what factor(s) contribute to the mobilization of men and women to the Armed Forces of Ukraine at the current stage of the armed struggle; how the motivational system changes over time; what public administration mechanisms should be used to motivate citizens to join the Armed Forces of Ukraine and at what level. Thus, the article presents a holistic system for studying military personnel motivation. The study of the state of motivation is recommended to be made a priority for further study and development in the relevant scientific institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and other research institutions. The authors suggest continuing the development of the methodological apparatus of research focused on the identification of motivational factors and states of motivation, development of methods of conducting sociological research that contribute to the study of motivation and substantiation of ways of action that can maintain these states at an appropriate level, development and improvement of various diagnostic methods and appropriate tools for studying the motivation of military professional activity of servicemen, and organize a systematic measurement of motivation in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
The practice and results of regulation of spatial development of individual EU countries are analyzed. The tools for stimulating spatial economic development in the direction of reducing disparities in the regions of Germany are considered, in particular, the activities of the national system of financing the structural development of the regions of this country are described. The article argues that despite the positive results from the financing of special programs, socio-economic imbalances between different regions of Germany exist and are growing. The results of the use of EU structural funds to increase the innovativeness of enterprises and eliminate regional imbalances in Poland are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of using such tools as smart specialization, polarization, diversification, economic agglomeration, industrial and innovation parks in the EU are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the fundamental problems of the Ukrainian economy: inefficient material, energy, labor-intensive, and low-tech economy and its irrational structure; low (with a downward trend) share of the gross accumulation of fixed capital in the GDP of Ukraine; high openness and import dependence (primarily in the segment of gross accumulation of fixed capital, intermediate consumption of medium and high-tech products), raw material orientation of commodity exports; significant interregional and interterritorial socio-economic imbalances. The article puts forward the hypothesis that the application of the considered tools in Ukraine will not ensure the desired level of spatial development of regional economies. This hypothesis is based on the fact that the support of less developed or less privileged territories and the methodology for determining areas of smart specialization, polarization, agglomeration, industrial and innovation parks, clusters, etc. are the tools of promotion, encouragement, and stimulation rather than the means of spatial development of the economy.
The article substantiates the opportunities and directions for the use of ESG approaches in the financing of projects for the post-war reconstruction of the Ukrainian economy. The author emphasizes the role of ESG approaches as the main marker in the search for sources of financing to achieve the goals of sustainable development and the need to integrate these approaches into the basis of strategies and plans for the country’s post-war reconstruction. Statistical information on forecasts of the growth of ESG assets in the world and the need for financial resources for post-war reconstruction in Ukraine is summarized. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, the article suggests using a combination of various sources of financial resources (state and private funding, funds from international investors, grants, and crowdfunding support), as well as creating and developing a system of specialized funds based on ESG approaches. A set of economic, organizational, regulatory, informational, infrastructural, and personnel problems in financing projects based on ESG approaches is outlined. The article identifies the following directions and measures to overcome them: creation of an effective legislative and regulatory framework in the field of financing ESG projects; development of clear scenarios for the post-war reconstruction of the national economy taking into account ESG approaches; integration of ESG approaches into investment instruments, development projects, and company activities; development of uniform approaches to and standards for the construction and functioning of the ESG reporting system; ensuring transparent and targeted use of funds for the purposes of post-war reconstruction and sustainable development of the economy; creation of attractive conditions and motivational mechanisms for investments in ESG projects; development and implementation of long-term target programs and projects for the recovery and development of key sectors of the economy and human capital development; involvement of professional consultants in order to ensure the integration of ESG approaches in the processes of business development and post-war reconstruction of the national economy; raising the level of financial awareness of economic entities regarding the implementation of ESG approaches in the processes of sustainable financing.
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