The article examines the influence of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the development of youth policy, particularly in territorial communities. Data from sociological surveys on the psycho-emotional state of youth during martial law is analyzed. The level of youth activity is analyzed and the importance of volunteering among young people during the war is emphasized. The initiatives to create a network of local youth centers are also highlighted. Some examples of the implementation of youth projects activated in territorial communities are given. The Russian federation's war against Ukraine, which has been ongoing since 2014, has had a tremendous impact on Ukrainian youth. A significant number of young people affected by the war and forced to leave their homes are not always able to adapt to the status of internally displaced persons. Also, young people lose the opportunity to study in educational institutions and do their favourite work safely, and they lose their familiar surroundings and friends. As a result, the level of stress among young people has increased, and other social problems are being reported. The situation in the youth environment during the Russian-Ukrainian war, and especially since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops, has undergone significant changes. Therefore, the youth policy in our country needs significant changes, filling with new content, and the search for new forms and methods of cooperation with young people. The article analyses the changes in the regulatory and legal framework for the formation of youth policy in Ukraine in 2014–2024. Program documents and the creation of new institutional innovations are reviewed. The existing cooperation with the youth sector of the Council of Europe, which is guided by its definition of the essence of youth policy, had a significant impact on the development of youth legislation in Ukraine. The year 2021 was decisive in the formation and implementation of youth policy. This year, the long-awaited Law of Ukraine "On the Basic Principles of Youth Policy" was adopted, which gave impetus to some positive changes in this area. Briefly summarizing its content, it deals with the following three main points: youth participation, youth infrastructure, and financing of the youth sector. Despite the challenges and threats of Russian full-scale invasion, the legislative act is being implemented. The authors propose some ways to solve the problems that have accumulated in the process of development and implementation of youth policy at the local, regional, and national levels.
humanitarian policy, youth policy, full-scale war in Ukraine, refugees, youth centers, local self-government
The article dwells on the importance of increasing administrative capacity at the national, regional, and local levels and building a system for the spending of EU structural funds in the context of the successful implementation of the Ukraine Facility. Attention is focused on the systemic challenges that need to be addressed in the process of implementing a new state regional policy in the context of overcoming the consequences of the Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine and bringing it closer to the procedures and best practices of the EU. The authors consider the Ukraine Facility, which has been expanded to include financial assistance for the recovery, reconstruction, and development of Ukraine, and its three components (pillars): financial assistance in the form of grants and loans to the state, reducing investors’ risks in financing investment projects for recovery and reconstruction in Ukraine through the involvement of international financial institutions, technical assistance to the government to develop and implement reforms related to EU accession and gradual harmonization of national legislation with EU Acquis rules, standards, policies and practices in view of Ukraine’s future membership in the EU. The focus of the Ukraine Facility on the importance of the role of local and regional authorities as promoters of an inclusive territorial approach to local development and the need to increase the capacity of local governments is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the use of European funds by the EU countries and an assessment of the implementation of investments in the context of individual EU countries, as well as the peculiarities of the use of allocated structural funds. The article notes that Poland’s experience in the use of funds is very valuable, as it was able to use the maximum amount among EU countries – €87.1 billion, which indicates the high efficiency of the system of interaction with structural funds built in Poland. The strategic directions of building a coherent and effective system of funds use in Poland since the early 1990s as the main goal of regional policy are outlined. Poland has been forming an effective structure of agencies for the use of European Structural Funds for more than a decade. The study of the experience of the EU countries, in particular Poland, has helped to formulate a number of lessons and recommendations for Ukraine. Ensuring the capacity to utilize Ukraine Facility funds at the national, regional, and local levels is impossible without addressing the most pressing issues, such as creating a legal framework for managing structural funds in accordance with EU requirements, building an institutional system for implementing the Ukraine Facility program and the future utilization of EU structural funds; creating appropriate tools and procedures for the preparation, management, monitoring, and control of programs and projects; availability of effective digital management platforms; ensuring a comprehensive approach to socio-economic and spatial development based on effective regional policy and modern spatial planning; implementation of multi-level management and coordination between different actors involved in program development and management of the Ukraine Facility funds; broad involvement of the scientific community in the implementation of the Ukraine Facility.
regional policy, State Regional Development Strategy, Ukraine Facility, multi-level management, EU structural funds
The article examines the evolution of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of food security, which is an important stage for understanding changes and trends in this area. The issue of food security has always been important throughout human history. At all stages of social development, ensuring adequate levels of food production and distribution has been critical to the survival and prosperity of nations. Research on the definition of food security has been reviewed and systematized and found to have evolved significantly, from an initial focus on food sufficiency to a more comprehensive approach that includes aspects of availability, utilization, and sustainability. In the early stages, the main emphasis was on providing a sufficient number of products to meet the basic needs of the population. In this context, food security was reduced to the availability of food resources at the national or regional level. The main attention was paid to the volume of food production and supply, which met the economic and demographic challenges of the time. Over time, in response to global changes and challenges such as economic crises, climate change, political instability, and growing inequality, approaches to food security have become more complex. In the 1970s, the concept of food security began to include the economic availability of food, which involved taking into account the ability of the population to purchase sufficient food. This expansion of the concept reflected the growing importance of socio-economic aspects in ensuring food security. In the 1980s, the concept of food security was supplemented by the aspect of food use. This included the proper storage, preparation, and consumption of food to ensure optimal nutrition for the population. This meant that food security issues went beyond the simple availability of food and began to encompass food quality and safety. In the early 21st century, a sustainability aspect was added to the concept of food security. It offers its own approaches to defining the concept of “food security” at different levels, which contributes to a deeper understanding of this multifaceted problem and can be useful for the development of effective strategies for ensuring food security in modern conditions.
food security, levels of food security, food resources
The article analyzes the process of shadow employment formation through the prism of modern digital technologies in Ukraine. The authors reveal that the theoretical content of shadow employment is ambiguous, as there is no clear coordinated mechanism for its definition among both domestic and foreign scholars. Essentially, the concept of «shadow employment» is multidimensional, encompassing «informal employment», «undeclared work», «unregistered activities», «unofficial labor», and others, indicating a lack of coherence and a regulatory control system for this phenomenon. In the current state of economic, pandemic, and military escalation challenges and threats in Ukraine, the era of digital technologies has become widespread, leading to opportunities for shadow employment. The article shows that the number of informally employed population had a tendency to decrease in 2021, reaching 3 million people, which is 3.4% less than in 2017. However, due to the full-scale invasion of russia into Ukraine, the data have not been updated since 2022. Based on the study of the Freelancehunt platform, the article proves that the level of adaptation of labor resources to changes in the modern labor market through digital technologies is quite high. This understanding also confirms the importance and scaling of freelancing in the sphere of economic activity of the state, which occupies a significant share of opportunities in the Ukrainian labor market, meeting the demands of business and the modern challenges of advanced technologies. The authors show the index of digital transformation in Ukraine, which includes various aspects of social life, while the highest indicators observed include «paperless mode», «institutional capacity» and «penetration of basic e-services». The article outlines the characteristic features of shadow employment through the use of digital technologies, along with its inherent advantages and disadvantages in the era of the scaling digitalization. The ways to adapt shadow employment through the prism of digital technologies in Ukraine are proposed, with an emphasis on a humane approach with promising opportunities for social guarantees, security, and a tolerant attitude of society in the further use of digital technology aspects in the labor market.
shadow employment, informal employment, digital technologies, undeclared work, digitalization, labor market, social and labour relations
The article presents an analysis of trends in the global technology market, with the objective of substantiating a set of proposals for domestic practice. The authors examine the global characteristics of high-tech exports and identify current trends in the development of the international technology market. The article evaluates the influence of scientific, technical, and innovative activities on the economic development indicators of countries with the highest GDP. The effect of a range of indicators on GDP is therefore examined. It is demonstrated that the costs of using intellectual property exert an average influence on GDP, whereas the volume of high-tech exports and the volume of patent applications exert a similarly high level of impact on GDP. Promising world-class technologies, such as those pertaining to generalised experience, confidentiality and data privacy, accessibility of the IT operating model, hyper-automation, and artificial intelligence, which demonstrate methodological development and a significant distribution scale, are highlighted.
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