The volumes and changes in grain production in the regions of Ukraine are analyzed. The grain production volumes are revealed to have increased by 11.11% in 2013-2018. Poltava, Vinnytsia and Chernihiv regions were the leaders among the regions, where they produced about 24.5% of the total grain in Ukraine. The paper determines that high levels of grain production have led to an oversaturation of the domestic market and increased exports of this product. At the same time, the volumes and growth rates of wheat or wheat-rye flour, which is the basis of deep processing, decreased. The production of this grain processing product is concentrated in Vinnytsia, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Khmelnytsky regions. In total, more than 50% of flour from the total production in Ukraine were produced in these regions in 2018. According to trends in grain production and its processing, regions of Ukraine are grouped into: regions with high levels of grain production and processing (Vinnytsia, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Khmelnytsky); regions with high levels of grain production and low volumes of its processing (Poltava, Chernihiv, Cherkasy, Sumy, Odesa, Kirovohrad oblasts); regions with a tendency to increase the volumes of grain processing (Zhytomyr, Lviv and Volyn oblasts); regions that increase grain production, but the volume of its processing decreases (Ternopil, Kherson, Zaporizhia, Rivne and Ivano-Frankivsk and Mykolaiv); regions with a tendency to decrease the volume of grain production and processing (Donetsk, Luhansk, Zakarpattya and Chernivtsi regions. The ways of further development of these regions in terms of grain production and processing are suggested. The following measures will contribute to consolidation of positive trends in grain production: updating of technological support of grain production in order to reduce its cost and increase the opportunities for creating an ecological product that will be competitive in the world market; increase of elevator capacity, which will prevent the risk of losses due to poor storage of products.
The general description of the chemical industry enterprises in the Western region is given. The paper reveals that the main part of the chemical industry enterprises of the region accounts for the enterprises producing basic chemical products, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms (40%). The largest chemical enterprises are: LLC «Karpatnaftokhim» – the only Ukrainian producer of ethylene, propylene, benzene, C9 fractions, polyethylene, as well as caustic soda and suspension polyvinyl chloride; PJSC «Rivneazot» is one of the largest producers of mineral fertilizers and adipic acid in Ukraine. Their share in the volume of sold chemicals and chemical products in the region is about 87%. A general description of the activity of these enterprises is given. The activity of the chemical industry enterprises of the developing region is described: LLC «KarpatSmoly» is one of the largest manufacturers of low-toxic resins in Ukraine (U-type carbamide-formaldehyde resins of types E-1, ? E-1 and E-0 and melamine resins UMF, MUF, MF); Polikom Ltd. – is engaged in the development of compositions based on PVC, the production of commercial PVC-plastisols and decorative granulates for the production of wallpaper, linoleum, artificial leather, LLC Polikem – produces plasticizers of five types (dioctyl phthalate, dioctyladipinate, diisodecyladipinate, dibutylmalainate, dizononyl phthalate); Zhivitsa Plus Ltd – specializes in the production of low-toxic aminometallergic resins; PJSC «Lviv Chemical Plant» is the only producer of technical gases in the Western Ukraine. The basic problems of the development of chemical industry enterprises in the Western region are revealed, in particular: environmental problems, the need to promote the development of raw materials, the organization of new industries and others. In order to provide more efficient work of chemical industry enterprises, it is proposed to gradually modernize equipment, introduce innovative technological processes, and apply more energy-saving methods of production. The fact that these measures will contribute to satisfying market demand, expanding the range of products and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises on the world market of chemical products is emphasized.
chemical industry, chemical industry enterprises, chemical production, volume of chemicals sold and chemical products
Industry, a technically developed branch of material production, especially requires the use of innovative developments, therefore, there is a need for continuous stimulation of scientific and technological process and ensuring the implementation of innovative industrial projects. The article investigates the current state of innovations at industrial enterprises in the regions of Ukraine. Progress of industrial innovations trends is analyzed. On this basis the fact that realization of industrial products has grown in the last few years, and the share and volume of the realized innovative products has diminished is proven. Zaporizka, Donetska and Kharkivska oblasts were the leaders by the volumes of the realized innovative products, but the largest share of innovations accounted for Sumska, Zakarpatska and Donetska oblasts. So, the concentration of industry in a region doesn’t answer the level of input of innovations. It is set that repressing introduction of industrial innovations for enterprises is typical for the regions of Ukraine, as such projects need the less financing. At the same time, such innovations have less value, because they do not bring in a novelty in industry overall. Amount of industrial enterprises of Ukraine that have introduced innovations new for a market remains very low (in 2016 out of 632 enterprises that had introduced industrial innovations, only 182 had been realizing new for a market innovative products). By the amount of enterprises that had realized innovative for a market products, Kharkivska, Zaporizka and Lvivska oblasts were the leaders among the regions. As a result of research, principal reasons of poor development of industrial innovations in regions are outlined (high cost of scientific development, shortage of professional staff, availability of crediting, lack of information, etc) and the fact that majority of them are based on the absence of financing is proven. Self-finance of innovative activity of industrial enterprises prevails in all regions of Ukraine. Therefore, the ways of stimulation of financing of industrial innovations are offered in regions. In particular, to increase self-finance of innovative projects by means of creation of growth funds; to stimulate attraction of foreign investments in industrial innovations on macro- and microlevels; to develop the informative maintenance in relation to introduction of innovations in industry.
industrial innovations, industrial product, portion of industrial innovations, sources of innovation financing, industrial innovations self financing