UDC 332.2/.7:[330+34]:[332.122:338.43]; JEL H70, K11, Q15, R52 Zalutskyy, I. R. (2017). Rozblokuvannya moratoriyu na obih zemel'nykh dilyanok sil's'kohospodars'koho pryznachennya v konteksti priorytetnosti yikh okhorony [Unlocking of moratorium on agricultural land plots circulation in the context of top priority of their conservation]. Rehional'na ekonomika - Regional Economy, 84(2), 105-115. [in Ukrainian]. Sources: 17
Senior Researcher of the Department of development of territorial communities and transborder cooperation of the Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine
The article reviews the implementation peculiarities of moratorium on alienation of land plots designated for commercial agriculture and the rights to them, as well as the reasons, the backgrounds and the risks of its prolonging in modern terms. The author proves the fact that a real threat of negative social and economic consequences can arise under probable moratorium unlocking accordingly with the decision of the European Court of Human Rights or the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and in case of permanent stagnation of national legislative regulation model of commercial agriculture designated land plots circulation and absence of public consensus towards the entities-land purchasers. The article reveals the essence of methodological and legal contradictions of current Land Code of Ukraine regarding moratorium unlocking solely for entry into force of the law on agricultural land circulation. It is defined that due to systematic imperfection of land relations transformation mechanism in Ukraine and absence of effective complex state policy towards land conservation, the perspective of legal liability for harmful effect on wealth of agricultural land and soil fertility had been eliminated even before the moratotium was imposed. The author proves that the urgency and the legitimacy of the records from the State Land Cadastre on agricultural land plots as the objects of perspective full-fledged market circulation are legally regulated by consequent deadlines, in particular overall survey each 20 years; soil judgment at least once per 7 years; economic assessment and regulatory monetary evaluation of these land plots at least once per 5-7 years. It is determined that in the background of permanent delay of adequate state activities on land conservation, the introduction of free agricultural land plots circulation constitutes a threat to qualitative social and economic changes in Ukraine. The articles reasons the consolidating approach to unlocking of moratorium on land plots alienation based on priority of the state constitutional mission concerning maintenance of high land conservation. The changes to the Land Code of Ukraine were suggested in the context of imposing the restrictions and requirements to full-scale preventive maintenance of priority conservation of agricultural land plots; defining of the terms of citizens’ constitutional rights implementation on precise land plot as an ownership object in the process of investment circulation. The author proves the fact that the right to first purchase of private property land plots, which are under the alienation ban until January 1, 2018, must belong exclusively to the state upon the terms defined thereof. The article suggests considering of state as the only first buyer of land plots and the rights to them that serve as the subject to the moratorium not as a denial of their market circulation, but rather as a state investment instrument, which unlocks moratorium on market circulation.
Keywords:
land plot, agricultural land plots’ circulation, unlocking of moratorium, priority of special land conservation
References
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Negative tendencies in the social, economical, cultural, demographical and ecological processes make differences between level of life and economic development of rural and urban areas even stronger. It is obvious that under such conditions, development of the areas by using methods and models of the last century is already impossible. Therefore, the approaches implemented by world leaders should be taken into account, because in many countries, cities and corporations the task of the first order is the formation and implementation of innovative strategies for sustainable development as a basic security model in the future. At the initiative of technology corporations the concept of «smart city» has become very popular, first of all because this concept in the current interpretation has combined capabilities of information, modern technology and communication of social capital in the process of achievement of sustainable development goals. Ukraine is also involved in the global trends as in the Strategy for Sustainable Development «Ukraine – 2020» it is stressed that it is necessary to ensure sustainable development of the country, raising living standards, sustainable economic growth in an environmentally sustainable manner. In 2016, a web service «Smart City» was developed; it implements the concept of «Smart City» in terms of IT and provides tools for the process optimization government and combat corruption. An experience of the developed countries shows that implementation of the ideas of «Smart City» helps to improve technology of the energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, increase social inclusion and also can give ability for businesses to provide a good return of their investments, and for public to have an attractive and healthy environment for life. Obviously, ability to process information, a modern infrastructure and creative management may be associated with small towns. The basic elements of settlements’ development under the principles of «Smart City» can be the following: creating of the innovation center for searching and selection of the most effective technologies in order to ensure the functioning of the settlement; providing of an open access to the projects of «Smart Cities» in order to attract all residents; creating of a culture of the population behavior according to the new requirements; investing into the staff training and attracting of the qualified professionals from other regions; improving of the quality of life of specific people (the technology of «smart home», security systems) and socially relevant initiatives («smart» technologies in energy, housing); ensuring of the availability of self-government technology for all segments of society. Therefore, for rural settlements of Ukraine a sustainable development approaches, the investments particularly into the social and human capital, a modern information and communication infrastructure, the production technology will provide economic development, an improvement of the quality of life and environmental management.
sustainable development, rural settlements, concept of «Smart City»
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zalutskij.ivan@gmail.com
UDC 330.34:[332.122:338.43]:332.025.1:005.216.3; JEL O18, Q01, R11