The article considers the current state of the domestic market, which is being formed today under the significant influence of globalization processes, the consequences of which were particularly contradictory during the global financial and economic crisis. The article presents an analysis of the current state of domestic trade in Ukraine, which will allow a better understanding of the existing problems and will outline promising ways of the industry development for its stabilization and improvement of efficiency. The dynamics of the turnover of domestic trade in Ukraine, which was marked by notable fluctuations due to both global challenges and military conflicts, are analysed. The problems of domestic trade in Ukraine are identified, which have a complex nature and arise due to various economic, political, social and infrastructural factors. The main losses of the domestic market of Ukraine are considered, which are largely related to the reduction of consumer activity, the destruction of industrial and commercial facilities, and the general decline in economic activity due to the war. The article substantiates the promising directions of domestic trade in Ukraine, which depend on many factors, such as economic conditions, legislative changes, investments in infrastructure, technologies and changes in consumer behaviour.
domestic market, mechanism of globalization processes, commercial objects, domestic trade, small businesses, medium-sized businesses, regional markets, consumers
The article is devoted to the development of mechanisms for stimulating entrepreneurial activity in conditions of economic instability, considering the territorial aspect. The study examines the current state of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine, the specifics of regional business activity, and the structural changes caused by war, crises, and economic transformations. The key problems hindering entrepreneurship development are identified, including high business risks, reduced investment, changes in logistics, and the relocation of enterprises to safer regions. Additionally, the research highlights insufficient institutional support for certain functions at the micro and macro levels, particularly in terms of business registration procedures, deregulation, investment attraction, fiscal regulation, and monetary policy. The article proposes a comprehensive approach to stimulating entrepreneurial activity, encompassing fiscal, administrative-regulatory, infrastructural, and socio-psychological mechanisms. The main instruments include tax incentives, grant programs, affordable lending, business deregulation, expansion of public-private partnership opportunities, the creation of industrial parks and special economic zones, reducing the tax burden on small and medium-sized enterprises, encouraging job creation for internally displaced persons (IDPs) to ensure effective employment, establishing favorable conditions for investment attraction, and accelerating infrastructure projects, including through public-private partnerships. The proposed mechanisms for stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the regions take into account the territorial characteristics and the economic capacity of different regions, allowing them to be adapted to specific local business development conditions. Emphasis is placed on the need for business deregulation, simplification of permitting procedures, and fostering public-private partnerships to support local entrepreneurship. Regarding spatial development, diversification in the study is considered an alternative to regional specialization, aimed at reducing risks for the sustainable development of territories. Diversification is proposed as a means of ensuring the self-sufficiency of territorial communities, including through the stimulation of entrepreneurial activity. It is conceptualized as a complex process that simultaneously involves the diversification of production and economic activities of business entities, diversification of local capital, and diversification of resources, particularly human resources. Spatial diversification imposes specific requirements on the autonomy of local tax policy, necessitating the decentralization of fiscal policy, which is an objective requirement in the context of European integration. The effective implementation of the proposed mechanisms will contribute to stabilizing regional economies, reducing unemployment, attracting investment, and creating conditions for the restoration of economic activity in territorial communities.
entrepreneurial activity, stimulation mechanisms, entrepreneurial development, territorial development, socio-economic development, economic instability, state support
The interests of the central government and local communities often do not coincide in regional policy. The study of balanced socio-economic development allows us to create more adaptive and effective methods of stimulating growth that take into account the unique characteristics of each region. Each region of the country has its own unique resources, economic potential, and social characteristics. The study of balanced development helps to ensure the harmonious development of all regions, reducing disparities between them, which contributes to the overall economic sustainability of the state. At the same time, balanced development implies equal access to basic services (education, healthcare, social protection) for residents of different regions. In turn, the underdevelopment of certain regions can lead to social tensions, migration, and a decline in the quality of life. The article reveals that balanced development has systemic, structural, and dynamic aspects, the latter being determined by: resource provision, rationality and efficiency of use of resources and potential, protection from challenges and threats, and the existence of prerequisites for further growth. The author defines the principles of public regional policy: determining the imperatives of regional management in the system of national development policy; substantiation of ways, goals, and objectives of balanced regional development; coordination and harmonization of interests of social groups with prioritization of higher-order interests and prevention of spatial and structural disproportions; selection of options for the most optimal changes, prevention of making irrational management decisions from the point of view of social development; etc. According to the defined features, it is necessary to form the benchmarks on which the regional policy in the field of balanced regional development should be oriented. Thus, in terms of functional and resource components, it is advisable to determine the improvement of the main characteristics of economic, in particular investment and innovation-oriented, and socio-demographic development as a benchmark for regional development. In terms of the phases of social reproduction, their qualitative course and the fulfillment of inherent functions and tasks should be monitored. In terms of aspects of the regional economic system sustainability, building up and efficient use of economic and resource potential, ensuring economic security, and strengthening the competitiveness of regional economies should be ensured.
development, region, regional policy, priorities, sustainable development, balanced development
The aim of the article is to identify cause-and-effect relationships and assess the impact of spatial factors on the productive capacity of the regional economy. The nature of the productive capacity of the regional economy is theoretically considered, and the characteristics of spatial factors and their possible impact on the productive capacity of the regional economy are outlined. The productive capacity of the regional economy is largely determined by concentration factors; agglomeration effects, resource provision, location conditions, level of infrastructure development, management, technologies, and human capital. At the same time, the article also identifies the factors that can significantly reduce or even limit the productive capacity of the economy – administrative fragmentation, corruption, resource limitations or loss of capacity (or fertility for agricultural lands), and "breakage of economic space". An empirical analysis and assessment of the dependence between multifactor productivity and spatial factors is conducted. Correlation-regression analysis was used as a basis, which is aimed at identifying dependencies between multifactor productivity and spatial factors. The article finds that an indicative investment density has the strongest influence on factor productivity. The influence of population density indicators and the level of population urbanization is revealed. Quantitative dependencies are established between factor productivity and indicators of real estate value in cities-regional centers of Ukraine, business density, and employment in the regions. A very weak influence of the level of education and the level of infrastructure development on factor productivity is emphasized. Generalization of the analysis results made it possible to trace the trend towards improving the values of factor productivity during 2013–2021. Among the studied regions, Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv, Odesa, and Poltava regions stand out, which, on the one hand, demonstrates a high level of concentration of human capital, investments, enterprises, and the labor market, and on the other hand, indicates a tendency towards spatial heterogeneity in the concentration and structure of economic assets and significant differences in the investment attractiveness of territories at the interregional and intraregional levels.
The relevance of this study is driven by the need to integrate gender aspects into infrastructure security to support sustainable regional development. The article finds that unequal access to essential services and resources, including transportation, energy, and information infrastructure, significantly impacts the resilience of regional systems and exacerbates social inequality. The authors prove that incorporating gender considerations enhances the efficiency of infrastructure resource management, promotes their rational use, and increases regional resilience to crises. The study aims to assess the impact of gender aspects on infrastructure security, analyze existing policies and practices, identify challenges and limitations, and develop recommendations for implementing a gender-sensitive approach in sustainable development policies. The research applies methods of comparative analysis, assessment of service accessibility for various social groups, and examination of international practices in integrating gender-sensitive approaches into infrastructure. Particular attention is given to the conditions in urban and rural areas of Ukraine. The findings demonstrate that integrating gender aspects allows for better addressing of the needs of diverse social groups, reduces regional system vulnerabilities, and fosters equitable access to services. Key challenges identified include a low level of awareness among policymakers, insufficient funding for related programs, a lack of systematic tools for monitoring gender impacts, and the persistence of socio-cultural stereotypes that hinder the adoption of these approaches. Based on the research, practical recommendations were developed, including the incorporation of gender analysis in infrastructure planning, the establishment of local consultation platforms to consider gender needs, gender-responsive budgeting, and training specialists to improve management quality. The article recommends enhancing public awareness campaigns to highlight the importance of gender equality in infrastructure development. Future research perspectives include the development of adaptive models for accounting for gender impacts in infrastructure planning, the evaluation of long-term outcomes from the implementation of gender-sensitive approaches, and the creation of methodologies for assessing their socio-economic effectiveness. These measures will contribute to the improvement of infrastructure policy and the achievement of sustainable development goals.
The article analyzes the current state of agricultural exports in Ukraine. Changes in the structure of commodity exports and the share of agricultural products in it are studied. The products, the export of which was gradually restored in 2023 - early 2024, are determined, in particular, the export of wheat, barley, and corn. The main export products that have established themselves on the international market and continue to dominate among exported products from Ukraine include grain (wheat and corn). Of course, the export of these products depends on production volumes, international trade agreements, logistics, etc. Due to the war in Ukraine, all these processes have become more complicated. At the same time, the issue of intensifying the processing of these products in order to increase their added value has been put aside. The commodity structure of exports indicates that the export of crop products has become key in the formation of Ukraine's export potential. In addition, promising types of products such as meat and poultry by-products have been singled out - this is an example of active expansion of export potential, despite the negative impact of the war. The article identifies the main exporters of these products in 2024, in particular, large holdings and groups of companies. The growth of exports of soybeans, rapeseed, and honey is emphasized. These are the areas of export of agricultural products that are just beginning to occupy their niche in the world market. In particular, the export of honey already occupies a leading position in the world ranking. In general, the export of agricultural products in recent years (since the beginning of the full-scale war) has become a key factor in the commodity structure of the export of Ukrainian products. The directions of agricultural activity that should be developed are indicated. As a result of the study, the author determines that despite the greater efficiency of exports of processed products, agricultural products play an important role in shaping the export potential of Ukraine in modern conditions.
export of agricultural products, commodity export, commodity structure of export, crop production, livestock production
The article examines the issues of the development of the domestic environmental taxation mechanism and its regulatory and legal framework. The author traces the transformation of the mechanism for implementing the «polluter pays» principle in Ukraine with the transition from environmental payments and fees to an environmental tax. Special attention is drawn to the leveling of the environmental protection function of environmental taxation due to the delayed and disproportionate increase in environmental tax rates, the exclusion of fuel taxes from the environmental tax, the non-inclusion of transport taxes, which in most European countries account for the bulk of environmental tax revenues, the exclusion of certain components of the environmental tax from the list of revenues of the special fund of budgets, and their inclusion in the general fund revenues, which contradicted the principles of targeted environmental use of this type of tax revenues and reduced the financial base for environmental protection activities. Changes in the proportions of the distribution of environmental tax revenues between the state and local budgets did not contribute to the organization of environmental protection activities at all administrative levels. The article suggests approaches to solving these problems through ecologization of the taxation system.
environmental taxation, regulatory and legal framework, environmental protection, tax burden, ecologization of the taxation system
The article examines the essence of the issues of regulatory and legal regulation in the field of prevention of land pollution and degradation in Ukraine and the ways of its improvement. A more balanced meaning of the concept of “land” is proposed. The author outlines the main factors of deterioration of the ecological state of land in the regions of Ukraine (soil contamination with residual pesticides, heavy metals, and radioactive nuclides, accelerated erosion degradation of soils of the surveyed agricultural lands, etc.), as well as the norms of maximum permissible concentrations of hazardous substances in soils and their list and indicators that characterize soil properties and determine the need for land conservation. The article suggests amendments to Article 171 of the Land Code of Ukraine by adding to this article the clause “beligerative lands whose natural state has been changed as a result of military operations”. It is worth mentioning that today they are found within all categories of land in the regions of Ukraine and reserve lands in various forms: a) spot-type (destruction of individual objects: buildings, bridges, etc.); b) ribbon-type (destruction of streets with buildings, forest belts, digging trenches, etc.); c) area-type (active hostilities on large areas, destruction of villages, towns, and cities, mining of territories, etc.). The author suggests preparing a draft Law of Ukraine “On the Management of Beligerated Lands”, which will define the legal, organizational, and economic framework and measures to restore their ecological condition in order to prevent negative impacts on human health and the environment. The article emphasizes the urgent problem of today – filling the database on the ecological condition of land with reliable information in order to timely detect changes, assess and develop measures to prevent and gradually stabilize, and subsequently improve their condition. Amendments to the “Procedure for Monitoring Land and Soils of Ukraine” after the war and harmonization of the proposed Ukrainian classification of soil ecological status levels with the EU one are proposed. For each category of land, it is necessary to establish standards of land degradation indicators that will become an efficient tool in the process of controlling the use and protection of land. The author recommends organizing and using the enormous amount of archival information on previous agrochemical re-surveys (after 5 years) and re-surveys of the soil cover of collective and state farms (village councils) (after 10-15 years) at the regional level for the years 1970-1996 in Ukraine, and taking into account the provincial characteristics of Polissya, Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones, as well as mountain belts of the Carpathians and Crimea, when approving standards for hazardous substances in soils and establishing levels of man-made soil pollution and degradation, as well as determining the need for land conservation.
legal and regulatory framework, land pollution and degradation, beligerative land, land monitoring, ecological state of land, land conservation
In recent years Ukraine has undergone significant changes both in the environmental situation in the country and in the development of its socio-economic systems due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the beginning of full-scale hostilities on its territory. The main goals and objectives that were previously set in the field of formation and implementation of the state environmental policy require revision and addition. With the aggravation of crisis trends in the economy, additional analysis and justification of the possibility of applying environmental policy instruments are also required. The diversification of regions by the indicator of assessment of the environmental situation implies different approaches to the implementation of environmental policy at the regional level. The article emphasizes that the strategic goals of the state environmental policy should be established at the national level but specified at the regional and local levels, taking into account regional characteristics and socio-economic peculiarities of territories. The article analyzes the main legislative and regulatory documents in the field of environmental policy and the current status of implementation of the tasks of the 2030 State Environmental Policy Strategy of Ukraine. Environmental protection costs by types of environmental protection measures are estimated The possibilities of applying individual environmental policy instruments to achieve the strategic goals of the state environmental policy in conditions of a state budget deficit are substantiated. The article notes that the same tools can be successfully used to achieve several goals and objectives of the state environmental policy of Ukraine. The application of environmental policy instruments is proposed in view of their priority for achieving a particular goal. The implementation of the goals of the 2030 State Environmental Policy Strategy of Ukraine within the framework of regional development strategies of individual regions of Ukraine is analyzed. The relationship between state and regional environmental policies is established and impact of regional socio-economic systems on changing approaches to the environmental policy formation is determined.
state environmental policy, strategic goals, environmental policy instruments, regional development strategies, socio-economic systems
The article argues that the impact of globalization transformations on the socio-economic development of countries requires reforming financial systems and promoting financial inclusion. The search for alternatives to the traditional financial system, one of which is Islamic finance, is explained. The process of formation and development of Islamic finance is analyzed, and the role of the first Islamic financial institutions in these processes is determined. The specifics of the functioning of the Nasser Social Bank (Egypt), which still directs its projects to support the social and economic development of the population, are revealed. Research and educational institutions dealing with Islamic finance are systematized. The interest of Western banks and financial institutions in Islamic finance is substantiated. Islamic finance forms regional clusters, with the leading centers being the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC); Malaysia (the leading center of Islamic finance in Southeast Asia); Indonesia (successfully integrating the principles of sustainable development into the field of Islamic finance); North Africa (using Islamic finance instruments to stimulate economic development and attract investment); the United Kingdom (the financial hub of Islamic finance in the West). The results of the rating of Islamic financial institutions in the world according to Global Finance are analyzed. The activities of the Kuwait Finance House Group recognized as the best Islamic financial institution are examined, and its main strategic initiatives in 2023, as well as social projects, are identified. A hypothesis about the impact of Islamic finance on the economies of countries is put forward; the sample consisted of 12 countries characterized by the development of Islamic finance. The size of Islamic banks’ assets, the volume of Sukuk and Takaful markets, and the share of Islamic finance in the banking system were chosen as the main independent variables; the GDP and GDP per capita were chosen as the dependent variables. Based on the division of countries into two groups according to the share of Islamic finance in the banking system, the authors find that the group with a share of Islamic finance of more than 20% has a significantly higher GDP per capita, which indicates a higher well-being of citizens in these countries. The Sukuk and Takaful markets also show higher values in the group with a higher share of Islamic finance, indicating increased activity in Islamic financial markets in these countries. Using the methods of correlation analysis, the dependencies between the studied indicators in this group of countries are established. The results indicate the untapped potential of Islamic finance to improve the well-being of citizens. The need to direct the resources of Islamic finance to the development of infrastructure and social projects is emphasized. The importance of introducing innovative instruments of Islamic finance, which will promote financial inclusion and attract investment in socially important projects, is substantiated. The key strategic directions for the further development of Islamic finance that will have an economic and social effect are suggested.
The article analyzes the peculiarities of financial competition of countries in the context of financial crises. It confirms that the global economic landscape is undergoing constant transformations that affect the competitive environment and positions of countries and force them to search for new sources and mechanisms for attracting financial resources and introducing innovations. Financial crises are identified as an element of the global economic landscape and their systemic nature is confirmed. The authors argue that financial crises have a significant speed of spread due to the interdependence of countries. The major financial crises are identified and their cyclicality, scale of coverage, and differences in the consequences for countries with different levels of economic development are analyzed. The main phases of the financial crisis of 2007-2009 are identified and analyzed on the basis of credit default swap spreads and Libor-OIS spreads, which allowed assessing the level of stress in the banking sector. The differences with the global crisis of 2020, which had an even more destructive impact on economic growth and financial markets, are substantiated. Emphasis is placed on currency crises that destabilize financial markets and economic development. This has made it possible to identify countries whose competitive positions were affected by currency crises during the pandemic and which faced sharp difficulties in the financial sector. The macroeconomic indicators of individual countries in the pre-COVID and post-COVID periods are analyzed. The article emphasizes the importance of taking into account the level of financial stress for countries during a crisis and evaluates these indices, in particular, the Composite Indicator of Systemic Stress (CISS), which measures systemic financial stress in the euro area, the Country Level Index of Financial Stress (CLIFS), and the Financial Stress Index (FSI), which characterizes problems in the financial sector of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the Composite Indicator of Systemic Stress (CISS) for the euro area, the main periods of financial stress are identified. The dynamics of the Financial Stress Index for Ukraine confirms that in different periods, tensions in the financial sector were determined by global economic and political events. The impact of financial stress on the financial competition of countries is substantiated. The article analyzes changes in the attraction of foreign direct investment by countries to maintain financial competitiveness and identifies problems in their attraction. The authors confirm that the financial competition of countries covers investments, access to resources of international organizations, the latest technologies, influence on global financial markets, and participation in international trade, which leads to different financial vulnerability of countries to crises. The reasons why financial competition for external borrowing depends on economic stability in the country are outlined. The article suggests mechanisms for increasing the financial competitiveness of countries in the context of financial crises, including the use of alternative mechanisms for raising capital such as digital financial assets and green finance; the use of economic diplomacy tools; increasing the level of digitalization of financial services.
financial competition, global economic crises, financial crises, financial market, economic development, financial resources, foreign direct investment
Public Administration: Improvement and Development
The fight against corruption is important for national security in several respects: a) efficient and rational use of resources in times of war; b) strengthening the country’s defense capability; c) Ukraine’s European integration aspirations, and therefore, a growing scientific interest in understanding the nature of anti-corruption policy in public authorities and substantiating possible anti-corruption initiatives in Ukraine. The article aims to study scientific approaches to understanding the nature of anti-corruption policy and to substantiate the ways to increase its effectiveness. The authors analyze theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of “anti-corruption policy”. The absence of a unified opinion of scientists on the existence and emergence of the phenomenon of “corruption” is emphasized. The areas of scientific research on this phenomenon are outlined (analysis of corruption as a social phenomenon, study of the effectiveness of anti-corruption institutions, assessment of legal regulation of anti-corruption activities, and comparative analysis of international experience in the fight against corruption). Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the authors summarize theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of “corruption”. The following approaches are highlighted: institutional, economic, social, and psychological. The theoretical foundations of the study of anti-corruption policy are deepened by clarifying this definition (as a set of measures aimed at preventing, detecting, and combating corruption in all spheres of public life). In order to increase the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy, the article emphasizes the need to implement an integrated approach that includes institutional, economic, and socio-psychological measures. Particular attention should be paid to reforming critical sectors such as defence, finance, and public procurement, where the risks of corruption remains high. Independent audits, digitalization of processes, and strengthening of public oversight are effective means of reducing corruption in these areas. The article argues that effective counteraction to corruption in society is impossible without ensuring real transparency and information openness of the authorities. The activities of government agencies and their officials should be made as transparent and understandable as possible for the citizens of Ukraine.
corruption, public authorities, public administration, corruption risks, defense sector, economy, war, anti-corruption policy
УКР
