The article focuses on the study of the structural features of the economy of the EU member states and Ukraine. Labor productivity and capital productivity in a sectoral section are analyzed. In particular, changes in the dynamics of labor and capital productivity during 2014-2021 are examined. Based on the results, the sectors that are leaders and can act as determinants of the productive capacity of Ukraine and its regions are identified. The article reveals that the most intensive growth of labor productivity is recorded in such sectors as temporary accommodation and organization of food, as well as information and telecommunications. Capital productivity under the prevailing instability of the dynamics of this indicator is recorded only in construction and in information and telecommunications. The regions of Ukraine are ranked and grouped according to the intensity of labor productivity growth. The comparative analysis of the rates of growth (decline) of capital productivity in the sectors of the economy of Ukraine is carried out. It shows that the growth rate of labor productivity exceeds that of capital productivity. Based on the assessment of the ratio of wage growth rates and labor productivity in the economic sectors, the hypothesis regarding the predominance of labor productivity growth rates over wage growth rates in the majority of the economic sectors is verified. Drivers contributing to the growth of the productive capacity of economic sectors are characterized. The main strategic priorities of the structural transformations of the domestic economy in wartime and post-war recovery are determined, in particular regarding the development of the military-defense complex, which will ensure the long-term political and economic security of Ukraine and the development of industrial and innovative structural elements of the country’s economic system. The article emphasizes the need to create and develop a national innovation platform, which should be a component of the innovation market and the formation of the state system of legal protection of intellectual property, the demands for reform of which were put forward in the process of deepening European integration reforms.
structural transformation of the economy, labor productivity, capital productivity, structural proportions
The article reveals the essence, causes, and negative consequences of social exclusion. It substantiates that poverty, unemployment, insufficient participation of an individual in the socio-economic development of the regions, and limited access to social values and life opportunities are the consequences of social exclusion. The peculiarities of the manifestation of social exclusion in terms of limiting households’ access to various types of medical services are examined. Based on the data of sample surveys on households’ self-assessment of health status and the level of accessibility of certain types of medical care conducted by the state statistical offices, its differences by place of residence are analyzed. The paper proves that the lowest level of accessibility is observed when purchasing drugs, conducting medical examinations, and receiving treatment in the hospital. The reasons that limit the accessibility of healthcare services are identified as well as a comparative analysis of the level of household access to health services at the regional and urban and rural levels is conducted. The analysis of the level of households’ access to medical services proves that the rural population is the most vulnerable to social exclusion due to the lack of facilities that provide services, lack of timely emergency medical services, and lack of nearby health facilities. The need to provide households with an adequate level of medical services both in terms of improving the opportunities to purchase medicines and the prospects of visiting a specialist of the required profile of services is substantiated. The solution of economic problems related to the growth of population incomes, investments in the development of local communities, and the completion of reforms in the sectoral decentralization sphere will play a significant role in ensuring the equality of the population in obtaining various public goods regardless of the place of residence.
social exclusion, households, health care, medical services
The paper outlines the nature of the spatial approach to the evaluation of the market capacity of Ukrainian regions, which is based on the evaluation of accessibility and capacity of regional markets and their attractiveness. The paper substantiates the fact that the evaluation of regions’ market capacity requires a complex approach that takes into account the available economic capacity of a region from the viewpoint of evaluation of demand and supply on the regional goods market. The availability of the relationship between the volume of market capacity and the number of economic entities is empirically verified. The declining level of spatial inequality by the market capacity index is revealed. The fact that empirical models of the evaluation of the unequal distribution of economic activity represented in the research of foreign scientists confirm that the most densely populated regions and regions with high employment density have better consumer opportunities is emphasized. Based on regional data, the paper proves that density of population and employment density that characterize the consumer parameters of regional markets and testify to their size from the viewpoint of demand and production density that characterizes the degree of economic activity concentration in regions and shows the size of the regional market from the viewpoint of supply have an essential impact on forming of regions’ market capacity. Retail trade is emphasized as an important component of market capacity. Modern trends of trade development in Ukrainian regions that testify to substantial interregional differences regarding the scale (size) of markets and competitiveness level are characterized. The trends that characterize the dynamics of retail and wholesale trade, structural peculiarities, and specifics of spatial distribution at the territory of trade networks regions, available differentiation in the level of accessibility to trade services are detected. The conclusions on the opportunities to use the results of the evaluation of market capacity in the regions in regional planning are made.
regional economy, market capacity, employment, population density, market capacity index
The paper emphasizes the relevance of the research of network entrepreneurship structures. The role of network business structures in the development of interregional economic cooperation is explained. As far as the facilities of network business structures are located in various Ukrainian regions, they contribute to not only the establishment of interregional economic links, but also the improvement of meeting the residents’ needs for goods and services. The condition and development dynamics of the largest pharmacies networks in Ukraine are analyzed. On this basis the features of interregional distribution of their trade outlets, organizational and spatial aspects of their functioning and network links in terms of evaluation of the level of centralization, structural homogeneity and openness of networks are defined. The analysis of major financial-economic activity indicators of the leading pharmacies networks in Ukraine showed that they develop in correspondence with their capacity and development trends at the market of pharmaceuticals in Ukraine. The analysis also showed that most of networks under research have high density of internal connections, maximized centralization level, homogenous structure, and high links mobility. We can observe the tendency towards the increase of trade outlets in the networks and insufficient activity of pharmacies networks in terms of participation in joint innovative projects. The express-estimation of the functioning efficiency of six pharmacies networks, which are the leaders of national market by the number of facilities and volumes of sales, established that the company Apteka-Mahnolia (“Apteka nyzkyh tsin”) has received the strongest synergy effect by the profitability and number of newly created trade outlets. The network of pharmacies “Podorozhnyk” has the strongest synergy effect by the proceeds in the pharmacy network. The abovementioned companies use the progressive management methods that promote the efficiency of their activity. The paper outlines the competitive advantages of entrepreneurship networks development, which shall contribute to activation of interregional economic links, and emphasizes the flaws of the network form of business organization.
interregional cooperation, network business structures, pharmacy networks, synergy capacity
Modern condition of Ukrainian regions’ socio-economic development is characterized by strengthening of territorial disproportions and the pending complex of unsolved problems in terms of territories’ development. This is mostly caused by the problems in regional management, including the insufficient legislative maintenance; lack of consistency and comprehensiveness in development and implementation of state regional policy in general as well as inefficiency and non-fulfillment of regional development strategies and programs. There are another issues, like low level of community involvement in local development; insufficient financial resources in local budgets to solve the priority questions of territorial development; strong dependence on public subsidies and therefore unpreparedness and reluctance of the representatives of local governments to search for additional funding sources for territorial development. Overcoming the situation requires the search for and introduction of innovative approaches to implementation of state regional policy to boost territories’ economic growth, reduce interregional differences, provide high living standards and improve competitive ability of Ukrainian regions in general. The paper aims to research the innovative instruments of implementation of state regional policy. Various methodological approaches to the nature of state regional policy are outlined. The authors emphasize the fact that in the course of development and implementation of state regional policy in Ukraine there isn’t a single view of the ways, mechanisms and instruments to align three interrelated and interdependent components of regional development complex dimension – sectoral, territorial-spatial and managemental. The risks that accompany the implementation of state regional policy in current conditions are outlined. Some instruments of state regional policy implementation in Ukraine and EU Member States are analyzed. Active and passive regional policies are emphasized depending on available instruments. Given the leverages of the impact of passive and active regional policy, its basic determinants are defined. Modern instruments of state regional policy are outlined by the directions of management impact and the measures of regional policy. The directions of regional policy and its implementation mechanisms improvement are suggested.
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Shults, S. L. (Ed.) (2020). Eksklyuzyvnist’ rehulyuvannya sotsial’no-ekonomichnoho rozvytku rehioniv: sutnist’, proyavy ta zahrozy [Exclusivity of regulation of socio-economic development of regions: essence, manifestations and threats]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2021.01.016.001}
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Shults, S. L. (Ed.) (2018). Mekhanizmy realizatsiyi rehional’noyi polityky: otsinka efektyvnosti ta napryamy udoskonalennya [Mechanisms for implementing regional policy: evaluation of efficiency and areas for improvement]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. Retrieved from http://ird.gov.ua/irdp/p20180102.pdf [in Ukrainian]. {sep2021.02.042.007}
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Shults, S. L., & Lutskiv, O. M. (2021). Strukturno-tekhnolohichni zrushennya v ekonomitsi rehioniv u konteksti perspektyv rozvytku smart-spetsializatsiyi [Structural-technological changes in the economies of regions in the context of smart specialization development perspectives]. Rehional’na ekonomika – Regional Economy, 100(2), 15-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2021-2-2 [in Ukrainian]. {sep2022.05.029.006}
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