The main task that determines the effective functioning of the country is the formation of a strategy for its socio-economic development based on a long-term innovation strategy. An innovative development strategy of the country is defined as a fundamental, basic element of the overall strategy of socio-economic development. The purpose of the article is to develop the conceptual foundations for shaping the country's socio-economic development strategy in modern conditions, adjusting the priority directions of the strategy and the peculiarities in using the means of achieving the goals, taking into account European experience. The article examines the European practice of developing and implementing the strategy of socio-economic development of the country as the most important instrument of the state's influence on social and economic development. Recommendations on the use of advanced strategic planning tools are developed. It is proved that without the scientific and methodological support of the plan of socio-economic development of the country it is impossible to count on the successful solution of important tasks and the democratization of public relations. The concept of strategy formation is designed to take into account the interests of economic entities and territory and to cover not only the traditionally used sectoral aspect of development, but also the territorial, which includes the creation and development of clusters and special economic zones. European experience shows that transition of a country to an innovative socially oriented type of development requires an increase in the efficiency of the state strategic planning process, the achievement of which is possible only with the co-ordinated activity of state authorities, business structures, science and society. It should be emphasized that in the prevailing conditions there is a need to form a single integrated system of social and economic development planning that optimally combines both the use of strategic planning and the program-target method for solving urgent problems.
socio-economic development, strategy, country, European experience, planning, instrument, program
The purpose of the article is to study the innovative dimension of structural transformations of the economy of large cities of Ukraine on the example of industrial enterprises. For this purpose, the author analyzes the dynamics of the quantity, structure and concentration of innovative active industrial enterprises in the big cities of Ukraine; the dynamics and structure of innovations (introduction of new technological processes and development of innovative types of products); indicators of the implementation of innovative products. In order to compare, the article provides statistical information on innovation activities in Ukrainian industry as a whole, as well as in Polish industry. The paper establishes that financial constraints remain to be the main factor inhibiting the innovation activity of domestic industrial enterprises due to acute shortage of own financial resources, which are the main source of financing of innovation activity. The main institutional and organizational problems of activation of innovation activity in industry are named, in particular: 1) low level of innovation and executive culture, insufficient enforcement of laws and violations of legislation; 2) absence of coordinated activity of state, regional authorities and local self government bodies aimed at the country's innovative development; 3) the lack of integrated application of mechanisms of state influence to achieve innovation priorities; 4) insufficient development of innovation infrastructure; 5) low level of innovation activity of small industrial enterprises; 6) there is almost no cooperation between the state, science and business in the priority sectors for the national economy. The problems associated with human resources provision of high-tech development are sharp for Ukraine. The solution of this problem is seen in improving the quality of technical education and ensuring its compliance with contemporary world trends and requirements; forecasting and monitoring of the state order for specialists in technological specialties, etc. The prospect of further research on the subject of the article is the search for ways to create favorable institutional and organizational conditions for increasing the innovation activity of industrial enterprises.
economy transformation, economic structure, innovation activity, innovation, industrial enterprises, innovation development, innovations in industry
Development of a territorial community requires efficient use of its capacity taking into account all possible aspects in the course of elaboration and implementation of the development strategy and other local legal and regulative documents. The approach is directly related to maintaining the living activity of a territorial community and should correspond to the interests of population and European standards of state regional policy. In addition to the definition of a community provided by the Law of Ukraine “On Local Governance in Ukraine”, there are also some other. For example, some authors understand territorial community as a single natural and social entity that operates in spatial boundaries of a state and realizes daily needs and interests of population. The paper aims to analyze legal and regulative foundation of the development of territorial communities in conditions of decentralization. The authors analyze current condition of legal and regulative maintenance of local governance reforming in Ukraine in conditions of decentralization of authorities. The paper argues that the major elements of management strategy in CTCs in Ukraine are independence, efficiency, management innovations, quicker and more substantiated decision-making and everything to meet the needs of community’s residents. Management of this sector is grounded on the principles of the provisions of European Charter of Local Self-Government that provides for decentralization of authorities and transfer of resources and responsibilities to local governments. Liabilities of local governments (of consolidated territorial communities) and the mayors are analyzed. The authors prove that in general legal provision of decentralization of local governance corresponds to European requirements and creates reliable ground for practical stage of the reform. The list of issues that require further legal regulation is outlined.
decentralization, law, local governance, legal and regulative provision, territorial communities, development
Forming of efficient socio-economic policy in conditions of modern globalization trends is characterized by the fact that external environment becomes more and more unclear, its changes become more frequent and its consequences become unpredictable. There is an urgent need to search for the reserves to improve territorial management. The process of managerial decision-making is an integral part of management cycle. It is necessary to have complex information to make efficient decisions that enables establishment of the system of direct and reverse relations between the activity of legislative and executive authorities and response to them in the regions. The system of monitoring is currently the one that is most relevant under market conditions. It provides quick collection of information on complex socio-economic phenomena and processes expressed in a few important parameters for immediate diagnostics of an object’s condition. The article deals with theoretical foundations of the research of the social and economic systems development. The authors prove that development should be considered as a general process in the organic unity of the socio-economic system. The necessity of monitoring the social and economic system of the region is outlined. To achieve the goal, the following general scientific and special research methods are used: observation, generalization, comparison and analysis, abstract and logical method. According to the results of methodological approaches, the definition of the term "social and economic system" is presented. The essence of social and economic system is disclosed in the article. The article argues that the development of the social and economic system is formed in a complex by the interconnected factors and is provided by an effective mechanism of state regulation and management at the regional level. The authors prove that the essence of management of the development of socio-economic system can be defined as a special kind of purposeful activity, which contributes to the achievement of progressive changes in maintaining a dynamic equilibrium and the implementation of the process of expanded reproduction in the regions. The article provides suggestions over the development of monitoring of social and economic system in the region, which will allow to justify the priorities of social and economic development, will increase the effectiveness of strategic planning, forecasting and programming, and most importantly – will provide the necessary rates of economic growth and improving of the living standards.
socio-economic policy, socio-economic development, socio-economic system, monitoring of socio-economic system of the region, the quality and standard of living
The article focuses on the need to reorient the economy of Ukraine to the production of high-quality products that are characterized by innovation and science-intensiveness in order to gain greater benefits from integration into global value chains. The directions of intensification of processes of entrepreneurial activity internationalization in the border regions of Ukraine are offered, in particular: advisory support for the entry of domestic enterprises into foreign markets; transition from production based on toll-free raw materials to full cycle production; design and development of brands; stimulation of attracting foreign investments into the development of domestic promising productions; creation of a favorable climate for the development of entrepreneurship, trade and the opening of branches of transnational corporations. The existing institutions in Ukraine, both state and public, are analyzed, the purpose of which is to support enterprises in the issues of entering foreign markets. The enterprises of the border regions of Ukraine, integrated into international production networks are investigated. The conclusion is made regarding the active participation of enterprises of the border regions in the global chains in the field of mechanical engineering, but their activity is reduced to only one or two parts of the production process associated with the production of goods. A large percentage of enterprises cooperate in terms of exports of manufactured products, as well as import of the necessary raw materials and materials for production with the neighboring countries, in particular Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Belarus, etc. The emphasis is on the need for design, which will allow them to search for new product concepts and innovative solutions and will create brands for entering foreign markets. Comparison of Ukrainian and world practice on the main factors contributing to trade in OECD research is carried out. Special attention is paid to clusters as connecting elements of small and medium-sized enterprises with the network for cooperation with the international market through horizontal communications.
global value chains, border regions, clusters, transnational corporations, internationalization of entrepreneurial activity
Balanced and rational use of land resources, efficient reproduction of degraded lands, restoration of soils’ fertility and providing of resources-environmental security of human activity on this basis belong to priority issues nowadays. It is caused by the fact that almost all land resources of Ukraine are in deep crisis, the country faced grand losses and the health of the country’s population is in danger. Extensive use of Ukrainian lands causes great economic, social and environmental losses. Irrational use and increasing of anthropogenic pressure level on the environment cause significant changes of its ecological state. Therefore, conducting an assessment of the total ecological situation of land resources in the Kamianka-Buzka district indicates the relevance of the work. In the course of the study, materials from the form 6-earth and stock materials of land resources department in the Kamianka-Buzka district of Lviv region were used. The structure of land fund in the Kamianka-Buzka district of Lviv region has been analyzed by categories of its use and intended purpose. The basic ecological problems of the condition and violations in the use of land resources of the district are discovered, and also measures for their effective use are proposed. Сoefficient of environmental sustainability, the destabilization factor and the total ecological situation of land resources are calculated. On the basis of these calculations an estimation of the total ecological situation of land resources on territories by administrative formations within the limits of Kamianka-Buzka district of the Lviv region is carried out.
extensive land use, ecological problems, ecological assessment, land resources, ecological stability, destabilization factors, general ecological situation
The selected model of the decentralization of education in Ukraine involves the transfer of authority of management the educational network to local self-government bodies. The main task and result of reforming secondary education is the improvement of the quality of educational services. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological approach to the assessment of quality of educational services and to identify the problems of their provision by territorial communities. «Quality of educational services» is considered as a complex, multicriteria concept, characterized by the level of knowledge of pupils, the correspondence of educational achievements with educational state standards, the level of material, personnel, informational, financial provision of educational process, innovation of the educational environment. The proposed methodological approach to the assessment of the quality of educational services includes two structural components: evaluation of the results of educational services and assessment of the process of provision educational services. The selected indicators of the quality assessment of educational services of general educational institutions are grouped into the following blocks: the level of pupils’ knowledge; infrastructural, informational, personnel, financial provision of educational process; organizational transformations of the educational network and the use of new forms of studying. The quality of general educational services of the united territorial communities of Lviv region is analyzed and evaluated. The most important problems of low quality of educational services are: poor resource provision of educational institutions in rural areas and low efficiency of its usage; lower level of knowledge of pupils of educational institutions in rural areas; frequent mismatch of hub schools with the requirements set for them.
general secondary education, quality of educational service, decentralization, territorial communities, assessment, level of knowledge
The economic meaning of the term «financial behavior» has been researched. In this study, financial behavior is considered as a special type of economic behavior that is related to the actions of the population in the financial services market, which involves the mobilization, redistribution and investment of the population’s monetary resources. The classification of financial behavior of the population is considered. It should be classified on the basis of such features as the activity in the financial services market, the type of the result of financial behavior, the source of financial resources, the form of implementation, the instruments used in the financial services markets, the degree of risk, the propensity to innovate, the type of property of financial resources. The factors influencing financial behavior of households are analyzed, and the following types are distinguished: political, demographic, cultural, social, psychological, economic. The features of financial behavior of the population in Ukraine in comparison with other countries are determined. It has been established that the level of penetration of financial services is significantly lower than the world standards: on average, one Ukrainian has only one bank card and one current account in the bank, and the intentions of the population to save and invest are passive in nature. It is established that the greatest determinant of financial behavior, inclusiveness and literacy in Ukraine is the age and property status of financial services consumers. The problems, the solution of which will facilitate the increase of financial behavior of domestic households and their involvement in the financial market of Ukraine, are outlined. The main issues are as follows: 1) The absence of financial traditions and positive practices in financial activity in Ukraine, which is due to past historical development of the state; 2) Insufficient development of the financial market in terms of working with a private investor and limited supply of financial services to such clients; 3) Absence of the Institute of financial advisers; 4) The scope of application of compensatory mechanisms in the financial market; 5) Lack of effective tax incentives for citizen investments; 6) Low level of public confidence in financial intermediaries; 7) Disadvantages of providing market participants with the necessary financial information; 8) Low level of financial literacy of the population.
Nowadays Ukraine faces the difficult times under the influence of economic and political crises. Therefore, the only perspective way of products’ competitiveness is innovations, in the first place in the areas where there are many resources and opportunities. Agriculture is one of such most important strategic directions of Ukrainian economy. At the same time agriculture is the supporting foundation for the development of many other types of activity and it can substantially influence the development of Ukrainian economy on an international scale. The paper dwells on the nature, features and problems of implementation of innovations in the agriculture of Ukraine. The features of AIS innovation processes in current conditions are defined. Main problems and obstacles to agriculture innovative development in Ukraine are outlined. The authors emphasize the following factors of low innovation activity of agricultural entities: direct attitude of contemporary entrepreneur to innovation processes and understanding of their role in achieving success; lack of state assistance; insufficiency of legislative basis of its provision in Ukraine. Currently Ukrainian agricultural enterprises have a huge capacity for operation at competitive markets as equal partners of global agricultural leaders. Available resources and natural-climate conditions are among their factors of success. However, fast development of technologies dictates new activity conditions to strengthen and improve their positions through innovations. Despite the range of advantages, Ukrainian agro-industrial producers lag significantly behind the advanced innovations and developments in the world. However, there are some examples of successful innovative agri-food companies. Major deterrent factors that cause the low innovativeness of agricultural entities are direct attitude of contemporary entrepreneur to innovation processes and understanding of their role in achieving success, lack of state assistance and insufficiency of legislative basis of its provision in Ukraine.
The paper outlines the research of main features of functioning of agricultural enterprises in Lviv region based on statistics and selected data of State Land Agency of Ukraine. The research shows the decline in the number of agricultural enterprises related mostly to insufficient land relations formed in the country. The author argues that substantial changes occurred in the structure of land use and land ownership of Lviv region in the process of land reform. In particular, the lands granted by residents to forestry or agricultural enterprises prevail in the structure of land resources of the oblast. Non-public agricultural associations prevail among agricultural enterprises – users of land resources. In terms of functional use, the land resources of agricultural enterprises mostly consist of arable lands. The structure of crop areas represents the real state of affairs and determines the specialization of agriculture in Lviv region taking into account the zonal soils and climate conditions, market conditions (internal and external), social and economic situation and environmental requirements to forming of agricultural landscapes. Land resources of agricultural enterprises in Lviv region show orientation of agricultural production on crop farming with prevailing industrial crops based on the chemical composition and quality of soils. The paper examines the qualitative composition of lands in the region and the peculiarities of maintaining their fertility. The author argues that soils mineralization substantially influences the quality of the grown agricultural products. On this basis the paper reveals the problems and obstacles of the management of land resources use by agricultural enterprises. Their overcoming should become the primary task towards strategic maintenance of efficient functioning of agricultural enterprises.
land resources, agricultural enterprises, land use, use of land resources, land owners
Crisis management is one of the strategically important elements for the sustainable development of agro-processing enterprises, which facilitates access to the best markets, improves business conditions and realization of the country's resource potential and strengthens the industrial relations between the divisions of the enterprise. The article reveals the essence of crisis management of agro-processing enterprises and the peculiarities of its formation in the sustainable development strategic program in the market environment. Imperfection of management decision making technologies was determined to be the reason for the emergence of crisis phenomena. The contradiction of tactical methods of providing economic stability of agro-processing enterprises in the current economic activity was found to be provoking the emergence of crisis phenomena. The main directions of reforming the mechanism of crisis management of agro-processing enterprises with the use of the advantages of multi-alternative economic models in the programming of sustainable development were determined. The mechanism of long-term programming of sustainable development in the dynamic market conditions based on the use of a business-friendly enterprise model was constructed. The analysis of alternatives of economic model development on the example of the meat processing enterprise and programming of optimal development management were conducted in order to ensure maximum profitability of the invested funds. The authors confirm that the measures of adaptation to the regional conditions of the market environment allow providing the corresponding efficiency of the product set of the enterprise. However, the lack of a new approach to crisis management with different tactical tasks in shaping the development strategy impedes the development of productive assets and reduces the efficiency of the investment process of the enterprise. The directions to enhance the system of crisis management of agro-processing enterprises were defined: development of poly-business model of development of agro-processing enterprises; introduction of long-term programming of effective development and updating of production and resource base; compliance with the norms of effective use of capital to the requirements of investment processes of Ukraine and the EU.
The regions’ position in national competitive ability and the rankings of a country in global competitive environment is defined by innovative vector of economy development, the level of economic entities’ innovative activity, availability of fundamental and applied developments, technology transfer and integration of science and production, etc. Therefore, the issues of maintaining the development of innovative entrepreneurship in a region as an important direction of economy’s competitive ability at internal and external markets are the most relevant. The paper aims to develop a methodological approach to evaluation of innovative entrepreneurship development in the regions of a country. A review of existing methodological approaches to the analysis and evaluation of the development of innovation entrepreneurship in the regions of the state is outlined. The author's vision of the methodology of analysis and evaluation of the development of innovation entrepreneurship of the regions of the state is presented. The proposed methodology contains the following structural elements: the choice of the objective, object and tasks of the assessment of the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region, the choice of methods for assessing the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region, the choice of directions for assessing the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region (assessment of the stages of innovation business development in the region, assessment of forms of integration of innovation entrepreneurship, the estimation of entrepreneurial income), the choice of a system of indicators for assessing the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region, a comprehensive assessment of the level of innovation entrepreneurship in the region.
The regions’ position in national competitive ability and the rankings of a country in global competitive environment is defined by innovative vector of economy development, the level of economic entities’ innovative activity, availability of fundamental and applied developments, technology transfer and integration of science and production, etc. Therefore, the issues of maintaining the development of innovative entrepreneurship in a region as an important direction of economy’s competitive ability at internal and external markets are the most relevant. The paper aims to develop a methodological approach to evaluation of innovative entrepreneurship development in the regions of a country. A review of existing methodological approaches to the analysis and evaluation of the development of innovation entrepreneurship in the regions of the state is outlined. The author's vision of the methodology of analysis and evaluation of the development of innovation entrepreneurship of the regions of the state is presented. The proposed methodology contains the following structural elements: the choice of the objective, object and tasks of the assessment of the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region, the choice of methods for assessing the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region, the choice of directions for assessing the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region (assessment of the stages of innovation business development in the region, assessment of forms of integration of innovation entrepreneurship, the estimation of entrepreneurial income), the choice of a system of indicators for assessing the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the region, a comprehensive assessment of the level of innovation entrepreneurship in the region.
small business, business, causes, factors, development, national economy, problems, stages, activities
The notion of the term the minimum allowable return on investment in the development of an industrial enterprise was defined in the article; the methods of estimation and regulation of the level of profitability investment in the development of the enterprise were offered and the main features of conduct were revealed in the article. The authors note that the simultaneous increase of growth indices of production and material efficiency continues operating cycle, but its duration is relatively less than with the increase of only the total amount of investments invested in the enterprise earlier, and it proves the efficiency of production scale growth. The paper provides for various options of the use of the suggested model that shows the mathematical dependence between the rate of increase in output and the level of current enterprise expenditures.
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