The article covers the factors shaping the industrial competitiveness of Ukraine in the context of global changes and the introduction of Industry 4.0. The threats and challenges brought about by innovative changes in the economic environment are considered. Along with the threats that pose a danger to all countries (unemployment due to mass robotization of production, threats to cyber security), for countries with low levels of economic and technological development, there is a risk of money laundering and conversion into raw materials and human resources supplier for the rich countries. For Ukraine, as for most countries of Eastern and Central Europe, this problem is especially relevant. In order to maximize the benefits and minimize possible losses, it is necessary to explore a range of factors that impact modern production, in particular: taxation, investment conditions, culture of innovation, development and cooperation. A comparative analysis of the index of the industrial competitiveness of Ukraine with similar indicators of Central and Eastern Europe is conducted. The EU experience of implementing the Industry 4.0 concept is studied. The priority of mechanical engineering in Ukraine is substantiated, and the analysis of industrial competitiveness is deepened by assessing the development of individual sectors of mechanical engineering as an important segment of the introduction of innovative technologies on the Industry 4.0 platform. The key limitations of the competitiveness of Ukrainian industry are identified (use of outdated production methods and equipment; high cost of electricity and unreliability of its sources; high tariffs for important intermediate products; significant costs of compliance with customs requirements for import of components and export of finished products; too long customs clearance procedures, risks of currency regulation, lack of adequate infrastructure of certification laboratories) as well as vectors and main tasks for Ukraine's adaptation to global changes in the implementation of Industry 4.0 are defined.
industrial competitiveness, Industry 4.0, machinery engineering, industrialization, strategy of machinery engineering development
The existence of new challenges faced by Ukraine in recent years that have significantly impacted the situation in the regions requires the introduction of new approaches to regional development policy, namely the transition to a territorially oriented development policy based on stimulating the use of own potential of territories and providing support to individual territories characterized by special problems of socio-economic development. Such areas include border regions in unfavorable conditions, which are characterized by loss of accumulated economic potential, signs of demographic crisis and significant forced migration, and the existence of a threat of political instability. The article aims are to study the level of problems of border areas in adverse conditions and approaches to stimulate their development. The analysis of border areas in unfavorable conditions has revealed the peculiarities of their development. The paper argues that a high level of differentiation of socio-economic development of border areas in unfavorable conditions requires their ranking according to the level of problems using the following factors: the level of socio-economic development, economic growth rates, demographic situation, level of military-political risks. When building a policy to stimulate and support the development of border areas in adverse conditions, depending on the level of problems, it is advisable to divide the areas into the following types: areas that require a standard approach; areas in need of increased attention; territories in need of crisis management. Each of the selected types of territories requires its own approach and measures to support and stimulate their development. State support for the development of border areas in adverse conditions should include measures of a supportive and stimulating nature. The classification of measures to support and stimulate the development of border areas in adverse conditions is outlined.
border areas in unfavorable conditions, stimulation, development, problems, differentiation
The article reveals the role of the sports and health domains in achieving the sustainable development goals and substantiates the organizational and economic mechanism of sustainable development of the sports and health domains in the regions. The article emphasizes that Ukraine has joined the process of promoting sustainable development, which involves improving the quality of life of people, creating a more ecologically friendly environment, improving the safety of life, and improving the health of the population. The author proves that today the capacity of the sports and health domains in the socio-economic development of the regions and ensuring its sustainability is not fully used in Ukraine. This is largely due to inefficient mechanisms for managing the industry, which are not adapted to the conditions of market relations and the decentralization of powers to coordinate and regulate its development. To overcome this situation and build sports and health infrastructure in the region, it is first appropriate to create a favorable environment for the development of entrepreneurship in sports and health; use the practice of participatory budgeting and gender budgeting; support inclusive sports in the region. It is also important to establish cooperation between the authorities, NGOs, and the community. The essence and components of the organizational and economic mechanism of sustainable development of sports and health in the region are revealed. The principles necessary to be observed to maintain the sustainable development of sports in the region are offered, including consistency, transparency, balance, inclusiveness of gender equality, environmental friendliness. Attention is drawn to the importance of adherence to an inclusive approach as a tool to achieve sustainable development of sports and health in the region, which stipulates involving the population in physical activity and a healthy lifestyle, creating equal conditions to meet sports needs, and gender equality.
sustainable development, sports and health domains, region, organizational and economic mechanism, sustainable development goals, inclusive growth
The author’s understanding of evaluating the efficiency of sectoral-spatial transformations in the municipal economy on the sub-regional level (in the city-administrative district system, as a prototype of an urbanized area, municipal territorial community) is outlined based on statistical and dynamic approaches. The cities of oblast significance are grouped by the level of economic activity in the districts of their localization, and concentration increase paces and sectoral proportions of a city’s economy in the district are determined based on the detected patterns of sectoral-spatial transformations. The vectors of dynamics of economic transformations in cities and districts are specified in the context of opportunities to generate the polycentric system of municipal network development on the macroregional level (the Western region of Ukraine). The paper proves that in 2012-2019, most cities of oblast significance of the macroregion increased the level of economic activity concentration in the district with various paces, thus emphasizing the need to develop a differentiated policy of structural modernization of municipal economy based on the scales of economic and transformational capacities of a city, efficient use of economic transformation tools, and consolidation of efforts of local governments and local executive authorities. The ways to improve the capacity of a city to impact the socio-economic development of a municipal territorial community through strengthening the mechanisms of cooperation and strategic and spatial planning between territorial communities are suggested. The conclusions on the prevailing monocentric nature of the development of a city on a subregional level, the need to strengthen the conditions to generate the functional and morphological policentricity, and the need to improve statistical framework at the level of cities and territorial communities are emphasized.
cities of oblast significance, sectoral-spatial structural transformations, hyperconcentration, polycentric development, transformation capacity
Implementation of elements of the circular economy concept in the economic models of large cities creates the preconditions for building environmentally sustainable urban socio-economic systems, the transition to circular thinking, and the creation of new opportunities for economic growth. According to the results of the analysis of the structural transformations efficiency in the economy of Western region’s large cities, the paper argues that their socio-economic systems enter the initial stages of transition from the traditional linear model of the economic system to the system based on the concept of the circular economy. The paper defines that the level of the circular economy development in the Western region’s large cities is insufficient due to a number of regulatory, socio-economic, and technological ones. Concentrated efforts of government and business to reduce and overcome these obstacles can play a positive role in shaping the circular economy in the regions of Ukraine, and the intensification of technology transfer and best practices, new methods of product and material design can significantly enhance its development. Transformation of the linear model of Ukrainian large cities’ economies towards the circular economy should take place in stages in the form of short-, medium- and long-term measures system within a specialized state strategy for the development of the circular economy, because in today's conditions the country has not formed the appropriate institutional, infrastructural, technological, and socio-cultural conditions for a rapid and high-quality transition to a circular economy. Within the step-by-step scenario of Ukraine’s linear economic system transformation into a circular one, the paper offers the Roadmap for the construction of a circular economy, which combines target guidelines and a step-by-step plan for its formation. The Roadmap for the formation of a circular economy in Ukraine combines the strategy, targets, and development plan of the process, outlining its main stages in a certain period of time.
circular economy, sustainable development, waste disposal, circular business model, waste-free consumption model
The distribution of the share of agricultural and arable lands owned and used by agricultural enterprises and farms across the regions of Ukraine and in the developed countries of Europe and America is analyzed. The paper determines that sixteen regions of Ukraine have extremely and very high share of agricultural lands in the total area of the region. The share of agricultural lands in the mentioned regions is 75.6 % of their area in Ukraine or 53.5 % of the total area of Ukraine. Thirteen oblasts have extremely and very high share of arable lands. The share of arable lands in these oblasts is 67.6 % of their area in Ukraine, 85.3 % of the total area of farmlands, 49.2 % of the total area of agricultural lands, and 34.8 % of the total are of Ukraine. The paper reveals that soils with high bio productivity within especially valuable lands of forest-steppe and steppe agrolandscapes are the most agriculturally developed and ploughed, while the least – the lands of physical and geographical area of mixed forests and mountain areas of Carpathians and Crimea. Main factors of intensive development of surface water and wind erosion are outlined. According to the research results, the ranges of areas of erosion degradation are singled out and classified, and maps-schemes are developed. Extremely high, very high, high, and significant share of eroded soils covered by combined impact of water and wind were recorded for thirteen oblasts. The total share of eroded soils in the researched agricultural farmlands of these regions is 82.1 % of their total share in the country. The zonal patterns of expansion and development of soil erosion are revealed. The legal framework of activity directions and measures directed at prevention of soil erosion is presented. The ways to introduce economic measures to achieve environmental security in land management are suggested. The issues of extending the list of environmental taxes provided by the Tax Code of Ukraine with inclusion of chemical pollution, depletion, and reduction of natural land fertility tax are addressed.
Ensuring competitiveness and sustainable economic growth is possible in the context of modernization of national and regional economies on an innovative basis. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the state regional policy in Ukraine in the context of strengthening the innovation activity of the country’s regions. For this purpose the tendencies are investigated: introduction of the newest technologies and innovations in production; development of scientific and innovative cooperation of the state and non-state sector of science, higher educational institutions and scientific institutions with the real sector of the economy; formation of the economy on a more advanced technological basis; development of regional innovation infrastructure. To assess the innovation potential of the regions of Ukraine (from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the introduction of new technologies and innovations in production), the Index of Innovation Potential of the Regions of Ukraine was calculated and analyzed. The calculation of this Index is based on a system of the following indicators: the share of enterprises engaged in innovation activities; the share of employees in innovative enterprises; the share of enterprises that provided training for innovation; the share of products (goods, services) sold by innovatively active enterprises; the share of sold innovative products (goods, services) that is new to the market; the share of innovation-active enterprises involved in innovation cooperation; share of applications for inventions (national applicants); share of patents for inventions (national applicants); share of utility model applications from national applicants; share of utility model patents (national applicants). The importance of innovative development of territorial social systems of different levels in the context of increasing their competitiveness and ensuring the growth of GRP is proved. It is established that the achievement of higher efficiency of the state regional policy in the context of intensification of innovative development in Ukraine will be promoted by: 1) taking into account endogenous innovative and research potential of a specific territorial community when developing plans / strategies of its innovative development; 2) coordination of state regional policy and sectoral policies at all stages of their passage; 3) monitoring the implementation of programs for innovative development of regions and OTG (in this context it is important to update the existing statistical base in accordance with the new administrative-territorial structure in Ukraine); 4) attraction of alternative sources of financing of innovative projects (funds of the State Fund for Regional Development, private investments (including on the basis of public-private partnership); 5) intensification of inter-municipal cooperation and cooperation of territorial communities in the implementation of large innovative infrastructure projects.
innovations, innovation potential, state regional policy, economy of the region, State strategy of regional development
The paper addresses the approaches of foreign and domestic researchers to the definition of the public-private partnership concept. The origin of the public-private partnership concept is examined, and the state’s role in securing the public infrastructure is emphasized. The key features of the public-private partnership in domestic and international practice are outlined. The paper proves that deviations from the standard model of public-private partnership might be the perspective causes of failures of projects and contracts concluded by the public-private partnership pattern. The examples of projects that do not constitute the classical patterns of the public-private partnership are explained. The negative aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the financial side of public-private partnership agreements are outlined, including the loss of income, breakage of supply chains, growing expenditures, and inability to meet liabilities. The paper argues that governments might implement two groups of measures to overcome the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the public-private partnership projects: those not requiring additional or unprecedented financial expenditures and those requiring substantial expenditures. The condition of public-private partnership agreements implementation in Ukraine in 2018-2020 is analyzed and the following conclusions are made: the trend towards the declining number of implemented public-private partnership agreements and a growing number of non-implemented agreements has been observed since 2018. In 2020, the number of implemented agreements decreased substantially despite the growth of their overall number. Military actions in the East of Ukraine, unstable political situation, the controversy of the domestic situation in the country for foreign investors as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy of Ukraine may be the factors causing this course of events.
The ways to develop and increase Ukraine’s export potential in the markets of the European Union (EU) are analyzed. The EU is Ukraine's main trading partner and destination for the vast majority of its exports. That is why the Government of Ukraine is focusing its efforts on the development and implementation of the best strategies and practices to increase Ukrainian exports to the EU. Despite significant share of exports to the EU, domestic businesses still experience difficulties and constraints accessing European markets. The current liberalization is dominated by the presence of two unfavorable regimes, namely the application of tariff quotas to a significant number of items and high technical barriers for Ukrainian access to the EU industrial market Based on the research of the economic part of the Association Agreement and the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA), the existing structure of Ukraine’s exports to the EU, current access to European markets, existing state mechanisms to support Ukrainian exporters, the process of harmonization of domestic legislation with the requirements and rules of the EU, the following conclusions and recommendations are substantiated: the feasibility of launching and developing state programs to support Ukrainian producers, such as state co-financing of participation in international exhibitions, compensation for abandonment of geographical indications, effective and efficient lending system, targeted taxes and fees; expediency of export orientation on high-tech products with high added value and degree of processing; the importance of effective protection of domestic exporters, strengthening the mechanisms for monitoring the compliance of Ukrainian laws with the requirements of EU legislation taking into account the issue of climate change in the legislative process of Ukraine; simplification of the regulatory mechanism, elimination of long bureaucratic procedures.
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