The restoration of industry in post-war Ukraine is possible only if the direction of its development corresponds to the current trend of development of the world economy, namely the militarization of the world economy. Thus, the criterion for the success of the Ukrainian economy can be the level of post-war development of industry that produces military equipment and weapons, and these products must be high-tech, such that it has a closed production cycle within the country. So, the urgent task is to find ways to restore and develop the production of semiconductor materials, discrete devices and integrated circuits directly in Ukraine for the manufacture of high-tech military equipment, both for own needs and for export, including in the United States. The main negative trend of the modern and in the recent past historical and economic trend of Ukraine's development is the deindustrialization of its economy, namely the structural inconsistency with modern technological development. The crisis of neoliberal globalization has led not only to the development of deindustrialization trends in developing countries (to which Ukraine belongs), but also to the reduction of the industrial sector in highly developed countries. In Ukraine, the domestic electronic industry is in a deep structural and technological crisis. But in Ukraine, historically, the electronic industry has provided orders mainly for the defense-industrial complex for the development and manufacture of highly intelligent and high-tech electronic products for military or dual use. In the near future, this trend in the development of the industry will fully recover. The motivation for this is the need for the most effective defence technologies and products, and the driver is global defence spending. It is reasonable to plan the recovery and development of Ukraine's semiconductor industry in the context of changes in the world economy and the global microelectronics market, whose products are a strategic component of the military, economic and industrial base of superpowers and therefore are at the center of conflicting geostrategic interests and at the heart of the global technological race, which will be accompanied by partial deglobalization. Thus, Ukraine has no choice but to resume independent production of electron component base (ECB) for military equipment and weapons. The purpose of this work is a preliminary brief consideration of the fundamental possibility and feasibility of using SiGe as a semiconductor material for the manufacture of microelectronics and dual-use power devices. In Ukraine, an industrial technology for growing single-crystal SiGe has been developed, which allows us to talk about the possibility of its export. In fact, it is necessary to solve a scientific, technical and / or technological problem, which allows us to offer potential customers a product with unique (or at least not widespread) properties and reasonable prices. The possibility of entering the world markets of semiconductor technology, first of all, from a physical and technological point of view, is quite real and should be considered during further research.
the trend of the development of the world economy, the recovery and development of the semiconductor industry of Ukraine, the choice of semiconductor material, the manufacture of microelectronics and dual-use power devices
Development of Rural Territories and Agrarian Sector of the Economy
The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is one of the most relevant segments of the national economy, which ensures the appropriate level of food security of the regions and the country in general, and also forms its significant export potential. The authors of the article investigated the essence of modern EU agrarian policy and the necessity of its implementation in our country. Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the comprehensive development of territorial communities in the conditions of decentralization of power have been developed. Solving the problem of food security, both at the national and global levels, primarily depends on the effectiveness of the use of mechanisms to ensure the functioning of the agrarian sector of the economy and related areas. The authors indicate that European agricultural policy is characterized by a long period of its formation. The prerequisites for its formation and implementation were the complex problems of ensuring food security. The author points out that the transformation of the policy for the development of agro-industrial production and rural areas emphasized the formation of a new quality of the rural landscape and ensuring the viability of rural communities, the diversification of the economy of rural areas, the improvement of the quality and safety of food products, the improvement of access to public services, the application of the policy of equalization of regional development. What contributed to the expansion of the circle of participants interested in increasing the efficiency of the economic, social and ecological development of rural areas, creating prerequisites and forming partnerships between state and private organizations, civil society with application to the principle of subsidiarity. The article indicates that the development of agro-industrial production and rural areas. First of all, it concerned the balancing of economic growth and consumption of natural resources together with the problem of waste accumulation. In the documents of the Council of Europe, issues regarding the growth of the economic and social efficiency of agro-industrial production were emphasized in parallel with the sustainable use of natural resources, the limitation of waste, and the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems.
The influence of information technologies on tourism and recreation activities is studied. The conditions of functioning of the tourist services market in modern conditions are determined. The article shows that the possibilities of the Internet have contributed to the emergence of new ways of doing business. The peculiarities of using SMM marketing for the promotion of tourist services are revealed. The specifics of the use of computer technologies in the fields of hospitality, transport services, tourist mediation, entertainment, etc. are analyzed. The creation and development of the most powerful company in online booking, Booking.com, is shown in historical retrospect. Using the example of the tire manufacturer Michelin, the article identifies how the advertising company turned from the distribution of travel guides into a highly profitable business and became the basis for the development of gastronomic tourism in its modern sense. The advantages of using information technologies for travelers and service providers are considered, including a significant expansion of search and offer possibilities, and choice, as well as significant cost savings in the payment of commissions to intermediaries, advertising, marketing, etc. Cases of abuse by travel service providers are presented. The main obstacle to the development of e-tourism is the low level of cybersecurity. The article notes that all the countries of the world, which have come under the influence of e-tourism, are working in various ways to strengthen the security of consumers. The necessity of conducting a comparative analysis of the benefits and costs of tourist activities for territories is emphasized.
tourism marketing, electronic tourism, information technologies, social networks, cybersecurity
The theoretical foundations of financial consulting in personal finance management and its significance in the financial life of the country's households are characterized. The dynamics of Ukrainian households investing in securities and the structure of the consulting services market in Europe are analyzed. The weak influence of personal finance on the development processes of the securities market in the current unstable conditions of economic development is revealed, namely: a high share of consumer spending in the household budget, a low level of trust in the financial sector, the absence of a developed investment market in Ukraine, a low level of financial literacy of the population, negative socio-economic consequences of the spread of COVID-19, and the existing military-political situation caused by the full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine. The range of services for managing personal finances and conducting operations with stock instruments provided by financial institutions and independent financial consultants is disclosed. The expediency of reorientation of managers of financial institutions working in personal finance management from the format of salesmen to the format of financial consultants is emphasized as a key factor in the development of the securities market. The key areas of development of financial consulting in personal finance management are identified – intensification of consulting activities of financial institutions and integration of joint efforts of financial institutions with independent financial consultants. The article suggests the encouragement of the creation of consulting companies specializing in financial and investment consulting exclusively for individuals by establishing benefits in the taxation of their profits and simplifying the registration and licensing procedure. The results of the positive indirect influence of financial consulting on the processes of development of the securities market are outlined: reduction of the information asymmetry of the stock market; strengthening of the level of financial security of households and increase of their confidence in the securities market; an increase of the volume of securities trading on the market with the participation of households.
personal finance, securities market, personal finance management, financial security, financial consulting
The article studies the economic essence, signs, and characteristics of the endowment. Based on the generalization of the views of domestic scientists and the interpretations available in the normative and legal documents, the lack of a unified approach to determining the essence and key characteristics of the endowment is revealed. The article identifies the characteristic features of endowment: formation of endowment for the needs of non-profit organizations; sources of endowment replenishment, including financial, tangible and intangible assets, and income from their use; permanent nature of endowment with mandatory subsequent placement in market assets; mandatory management of endowment by own means or by transferring permanent capital to trust management; clear instructions for the use of the endowment and the income received based on the statutory goals of the non-profit organization, as well as conditions and restrictions imposed by the donors on its use; the use of the received income to finance the activities of non-profit organizations and cover the administrative costs of managing the fund; the possibility for a non-profit organization to create, maintain, and manage several endowments; the establishment of special conditions for the creation of endowment and its capitalization. The article emphasizes a significant difference between endowment funds and various types of charitable aid, which is manifested in long-term use, since the donors’ funds are "oriented" to the long-term period and obtaining additional income from the investment of accumulated resources. The author offers a definition of endowment as a permanent capital that is formed at the expense of financial and material values voluntarily provided free of charge by external donors to a non-profit organization indefinitely or for a certain time, which is transferred to the management and used exclusively for financing the statutory activities of the organization in terms of passive income received from the investment of the basic capital in market assets. The relevance and prospects of spreading the idea of endowment formation in the activities of domestic non-profit organizations as an important factor in attracting additional resources and expanding the financial base for the implementation of future goals and projects are outlined. The article identifies a set of principles that form the theoretical basis of the functioning of endowment funds: social significance; the integrity of the gift; investment; transparency; intended purpose; constant growth of the "body" of the endowment; accountability and control; dependence of the effect on the volume.
The article discusses the peculiarities of the social worker profession and the main components of the social work education system. The current system of social work education in Ukraine is analyzed, highlighting the shortcomings and problems, such as low wages, insufficient funding for the education system, significant theoretical preparation, but weak practical training. Recommendations are provided to improve the system of social work education in Ukraine, including enhancing educational programs, increasing funding, and creating conditions for the professional development of social workers. The need for reforming the system of social work education is substantiated, which should become the basis for building a new model of the professional role of modern social workers that includes diagnosing different situations, assessing the needs and opportunities of those in need, adapting to changing social rules, and engaging in various activities and interests. The successful formation of a quality social work education system will be facilitated by quality education and practical experience. To ensure high-quality and professional work, social workers must constantly improve their skills, especially the methodological and social ones, as well as those related to applying knowledge in various fields. Enhancing the skills and qualifications of social work and social integration personnel can be achieved through: providing continuous educational and training programs for social work personnel; implementing mentorship programs to enhance skills and qualifications; professional associations and organizations can play a vital role in enhancing the skills and qualifications of social work personnel; self-education. Undoubtedly, the use of various forms of continuing education facilitates adaptation to changes that have taken place, enabling individuals to remain competitive in the job market. The results of the analysis show that improving the system of social work education in Ukraine is an important step towards improving the quality and effectiveness of social work and ensuring quality services for people in need of social support.
social work, social worker, social sector, social worker training systems, professional role
The main features of the Ukraine’s demographic development before the full-scale invasion of Russia on 24.02.2022 have been identified: a constant significant reduction in the population number since 1993, caused primarily by a drop in the birth rate; intensive migration flows dominated by labor emigration; the appearance 1.5 million of internally displaced persons (IDP) since 2014; population aging; spread of depopulation from the east and northeast to the central regions of the country. It is estimated that the existing population of all of Ukraine at the beginning of 2022 was 39.6-40.1 million people, and without the territories occupied in 2014 – 33.5-34 million. The Russian-Ukrainian war became the main factor in the catastrophic aggravation of the demographic crisis in Ukraine and its regions. The war caused tens of thousands of deaths in Ukraine (civilian and military casualties), more than 14 million forced migrants, significant deformations of population structures: demo-reproductive, marriage-family, socio-economic, language-national, confessional, psycho-mental, and others. In addition to an increase in mortality and a decrease in the birth rate, the demographic consequences of the war are significant migration losses, deterioration of health and reduced life expectancy, decrease in economic activity, aggravation risk of social problems of veterans and IDPs reintegration. A demographic macro-zoning scheme has been developed, the criteria of which are the peculiarities of the course of military operations in certain territories, different periods of temporary occupation of Ukrainian territories, the structure of the population of the regions and its dynamics during wartime, the volume of forced migration. The main problems of the demographic development in the selected 5 macro-regions are formulated. The prospects of post-war demographic development and the main directions of socio-demographic policy, which will contribute to strengthening the demographic sustainability in Ukraine, are determined. The main ones are the demographic orientation of state and regional strategies and programs, the creation of conditions for the rapid return of forced migrants from abroad, the promotion of birth rates, the strengthening of the family institution, the socialization and social integration of war veterans, ensuring the competitiveness of older age groups in the labor market.
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