Researcher of the Department of regional economic policy of the Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine; Professor of the Department of economics and marketing of the Academic institute of entrepreneurship and advanced technologies of the Lviv Polytechnic National University
The methodological bases of the analysis of the condition of urbanized systems are substantiated in the article by means of methods of system analysis. Based on the model of the urban system, the available methods of research of the development of urban systems are singled out and characterized. The system of methods used to study urban systems includes methods of economic, social, spatial analysis, universal methods. For today's conditions, general scientific and special methods, which include economic and mathematical methods, methods of statistical analysis, and factor analysis, have remained relevant and suitable for solving socio-economic problems. Well-known and widely used methods of spatial analysis and synthesis will remain relevant, in particular, population forecasting and determining the demographic capacity of the territory; factor-by-factor analysis and comprehensive assessment of the territory; calculation of traffic flows and transport capacity in the territory and in cities; minimization of territorial ties; assessments of urban systems; location of service facilities, delineation of their radii of accessibility, etc. A separate group includes universal research methods suitable for the study of all dimensions of the system. Using a systems approach, our own method of analyzing the state of urban systems is substantiated. The method of analysis of the state of the urban system is based on four components of the system: human, spatial, social, and temporal. The economic component is a priority. Quantitative and qualitative relationships between economic and spatial, social, and temporal characteristics of the system are revealed. The combination of dimensions forms a set of combinations for the analysis of the economy of the urban system, in particular, there are socio-economic, spatial-economic, economic-temporal, and socio-spatial sections. Characteristics of individual dimensions and their interaction allow to organize information about the state of the system, to determine the tasks of the socio-economic and spatial development of cities, to reveal the possibilities of their system analysis.
methodology, research methods, system approach, urbanized system
The article comprehends the phenomenon of spatial exclusion for the conditions of Ukraine. The existing concepts and approaches to the definition of exclusion are analyzed. Spatial exclusion is interpreted as a phenomenon when part of space (territory) limited in use for economic activities of society (inhabitants of the territory) expresses physical, economic, legal, social, political, and other types of restrictions. The concept includes mechanisms, processes, and elements that lead to restrictions in terms of the use of territories: accessibility, restrictions on obtaining economic benefits from the use of spatial resources, declining living conditions of the population. On the basis of legal norms, theoretical provisions, as well as spatial situations that arise in the field of spatial planning in Ukraine, many signs of spatial exclusion have been formed. They are concentrated in violation of the legal provisions of the use of territories; the system of spatial resources management of the territorial community; the uneven localization of investment in space; housing construction and housing policy; inconsistencies in urban planning documentation and strategies for socio-economic development of territories. Some problems and processes are considered on the example of Ukrainian cities. The characteristic features of spatial exclusion and the possibility of applying the concept to regulate spatial policy in Ukraine are analyzed, in particular, spatial exclusion should be interpreted more broadly than certain restrictions arising from violations of laws or regulations. The issues of spatial and investment policy of the government, its understanding of the tasks of territorial development, transparency in decision-making are important. As a result of current mistakes of specialists and decisions focused on temporary benefits, conditions are created for the growth of the cost of solving urban problems in the future and the deterioration of the state of the environment.
The paper defines the economic-urban planning relations in the development of cities in the historical context, in particular: the genesis of economic sphere of global civilization’s societies is defined and the directions of economic views of various historic periods are characterized; the impact of economic factors on conditions of location and spatial organization of a city in various historical periods is revealed and the links between economic and spatial factors in the city development are determined. The historical-logical method was used for the research. Economic-urban planning relations of the cities of Ancient World, Middle Ages and other periods are analyzed, in particular: the system of methods, instruments and forms of state impact on socio-economic processes in cities, masterful use of space specifics and its organization in cities. The set of methods and instruments oriented at solution of tasks of cities’ spatial and socio-economic development is outlined. The features of economic policy and peculiarities of approaches to organization of cities’ economies in various historical periods as well as the contribution of various civilizations into the cities’ economic structure and space organization are emphasized. The paper proves that polis socio-political organization of Greek cities turned out to be more flexible in solution of economic issues than socio-political organization of centralized Eastern despotisms. Compared to the primitive society, the ancient nations took a huge step forward in their developemtn, however the destructive military policy and the «flaws» of forced labour caused the collapse of the states. The Middle Ages developed the elements of economic policy that served as foundation for further economic development of European cities, although the forms and nature of their manifestation differed depending on economic, natural and cultural traditions of the cities’ development areas. In the period of market economy, the relations between capital and labour showed the spatial structure of the cities, the functioning-planning infrastructure and socio-economic relations, etc were formed and the condition of environment and architecture was determined. The paper confirms the dependence between socio-economic processes and spatial feature of cities. On one hand, cities’ development depends on economic foundations – forms and sources of capital, system of pricing, fiscal policy and state’s participation in economic processes, and on the other hand – localization, natural conditions and distance define the spatial differences of cities and processes in them. Availability of systemic effects in terms of harmonization of socio-economic and territorial dimensions is proven.
city economies, history of economy, economic theory, urban planning policy, economic-town-building relations
Citations
Habrel, M. M., & Lysyak, N. M. (2015). Teoretyko-metodolohichni aspekty prostorovoho modeliuvannya dlya zadach sotsial’no-ekonomichnoho rozvytku mist [Theoretical and methodological aspects of spatial modeling for problems of socio-economic development of cities]. Formuvannya rynkovykh vidnosyn v Ukrayini Formation of market relations in Ukraine. № 4. S. 216-225. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/frvu_2015_4_50 [in Ukrainian]. {sep2018.04.150.002}
Oleksyuk, H. V., Lysyak, N. M., & Popadynets, N. M. (2019). Kontseptual'no-strukturni modeli endohennoho potentsialu ob"yednanykh terytorial'nykh hromad yak peredumova pidvyshchennya yikh konkurentospromozhnosti [Conceptual and structural models of endogenous potential of united territorial communities as a prerequisite for increasing their competitiveness]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine. 3, 55-67. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2019.03.003.012}
Oleksyuk, H. V., Lysyak, N. M., & Popadynets, N. M. (2019). Kontseptual’no-strukturni modeli endohennoho potentsialu ob»yednanykh terytorial’nykh hromad yak peredumova pidvyshchennya yikh konkurentospromozhnosti [Conceptual and structural models of endogenous potential of united territorial communities as a prerequisite for increasing their competitiveness]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine, 3, 52-69. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2020.02.046.005}
Oleksyuk, H. V., Lysyak, N. M., & Popadynets, N. M. (2019). Kontseptual’no-strukturni modeli endohennoho potentsialu ob»yednanykh terytorial’nykh hromad yak peredumova pidvyshchennya yikh konkurentospromozhnosti [Conceptual and structural models of endogenous potential of united territorial communities as a prerequisite for increasing their competitiveness]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine, 3, 52-69. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2020.03.032.008}
Oleksyuk, H. V., Lysyak, N. M., & Popadynets, N. M. (2019). Kontseptual’no-strukturni modeli endohennoho potentsialu ob»yednanykh terytorial’nykh hromad yak peredumova pidvyshchennya yikh konkurentospromozhnosti [Conceptual and structural models of endogenous potential of united territorial communities as a prerequisite for increasing their competitiveness]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Ukraine economy, 3, 52-69. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2020.04.018.006}
Oleksyuk, H. V., Popadynets, N. M., & Lysyak, N. M. (2020). Kontseptual’na finansovo-ekonomichna model’ urbanizovanykh system [Conceptual financial and economic model of urban systems]. Ekonomika ta pravo – Economics and law, 2, 84-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2020.02.084 [in Ukrainian]. {sep2020.04.018.007}
УКР
natali.bila@gmail.com
