The issue of unequal development of Ukrainian regions is not a recent one. Nonetheless, a new global shock – Russia’s war against Ukraine – has further exacerbated the differences between regions in terms of their development opportunities and the necessary state support, as its intensity has a differentiated spatial (geographical) nature. The article substantiates the expediency of implementing a diversified policy of strengthening the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the face of global shocks, taking into account local socio-economic needs, endogenous development capacity, and security factor. The author identifies the basic guidelines for a diversified policy of strengthening the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the context of global shocks, namely: 1) creation of attractive socio-economic and infrastructural conditions for maintaining and developing the capacity of Ukrainian economic entities; 2) return of displaced persons from abroad; 3) balanced and sustainable development of the state. The article offers a conceptual approach to a diversified policy of strengthening the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the face of global shocks in terms of functional types of territories (recovery areas, regional growth poles, territories with special development conditions, and sustainable development areas) and levels of governance (regional/territorial and national). The author argues that ensuring the resilience, sustainability, and cohesion of territorial development requires the implementation of a set of measures that involve intervention at the national level. First and foremost, it is the matter of strengthening national defense and security, enhancing environmental safety, pursuing a proactive social policy and the development of the labor market as its integral part, and intensifying the state’s European integration policy. The expected consequences of the implementation of a diversified approach to the policy of strengthening the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the face of global shocks include a) reduction of imbalance in regional development, creation of equal conditions for dynamic and balanced socio-economic development of regions, and creation of favorable conditions for attracting investment and infrastructure development; b) creation of new jobs and increase in employment and overall living standards of residents, which will contribute to overcoming poverty and unemployment in the future; c) maximizing the use of the region’s endogenous capacity for its balanced development and improving the living standards of the population; d) rational and economical use of natural resources, taking into account the need to preserve and protect the environment. The author emphasizes the importance of monitoring the results of the implementation of measures to strengthen the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the face of global shocks, which should be conducted based on appropriate indicators for quantitative (using the main indicators of socio-economic development expressed in natural or cost terms) and qualitative (to track the consequences/results of specific measures and/or policy instruments for strengthening regional resilience) analysis.
spatial development, development of regions, resilience of the socio-economic system, diversified development, global shocks
economic activity in the face of the war shock. The article shows that the relocation of business in the context of a full-scale war has led to the deindustrialization of the eastern regions and the strengthening of the industrialization of the western regions. The article reveals that the relocation of business, which was accompanied by a change in the spatial structure of the economy, was also characterized by the migration of economic, financial, investment, and innovation capital from the east to the west of the country. On the other hand, the relocation of a large number of enterprises to regions far from the combat zone was accompanied by tensions between relocated and local companies due to the difference in organizational and behavioral models of doing business. As a result, there was a low level of integration of relocated businesses into the local economy and little cooperation with local governments. The authors identify the main problems most often encountered by enterprises during relocation (first of all, the mismatch of engineering, transport infrastructure and industrial sites in the host regions with the needs of large industrial enterprises; the need to train specialists with appropriate qualifications at the relocation sites; high cost and legal and technical complexity of relocation procedures; loss of resources, goods, and fixed assets during relocation; restrictions on mobility for certain types of business due to their territorial “tying” (primarily agribusiness and large manufacturing and logistics companies)). The article identifies that the change in the spatial structure of the economy is also associated with a decrease in the business activity of agricultural enterprises whose business is tied to a specific territory. The authors emphasize that the temporal and spatial uncertainty of the hostilities, as well as the relocation of business, have led to the processes of reorientation of transport and logistics routes of business entities. This includes the destruction of critical and production infrastructure; logistical problems due to the limited capacity of Ukrzaliznytsya and the closure of Black Sea ports (primarily for industrial enterprises); increased production and export losses due to military disruption of normal supply chains; and a lack of orders and demand for goods (works and services). The article reveals that in the context of the reorientation of transport and logistics routes of business entities, the regions of southern Ukraine suffered the most, where sea transportation became impossible in the first months of the war. In general, the regions of Western Ukraine and Poltavska oblast demonstrated faster adaptation and post-shock recovery of the business environment. The main factors that impeded the resilience of the business sector in the Central and Eastern regions included geographic location (proximity to the front line), as well as logistical and energy challenges.
disproportionality of economic development, business relocation, entrepreneurship development, regional economy, Russia's war against Ukraine, post-war reconstruction of Ukraine
The article discusses the problem of strengthening the resilience of the regional economy in conditions of endogenization of regional development. The content and methodological basis of the international practice of strengthening the resilience of national and local systems are outlined. The article reveals that the modern methodology is determined by a preventive analysis of the resilience system through the identification and mutual influence of risks on specific types of assets in the context of a gradual balanced strengthening of the system's ability to absorb, adapt, or transform it in conditions of probable, inevitable, or current shocks. The general principles of strengthening resilience include preparedness, responsiveness, connectivity, learning and innovation, self-organization, diversity and redundancy, inclusion, social cohesion, and thresholds. The article defines the main stages of the development and implementation of the system-forming concept of economic resilience at the level of regions, territorial communities, and functional types of territories as a fundamental legal act of dynamic-preventive sectoral-functional forecasting and planning of balanced strengthening of the resilience of relevant objects of state regional policy. The authors prove that dynamic recovery and resilient strengthening of the regional economy should be based on the resilience of the national legislation adapted to the international practice of strengthening the resilience of socio-economic systems. Conceptual directions for the formation of the resilience of the regional economy in conditions of endogenization of regional development are substantiated, in particular: production of environmentally safe and high-quality agricultural products, their export-oriented processing; post-war restoration, modernization, and development of critical, civil, transport-logistics, energy, industrial, tourism-logistics infrastructure in the region; ensuring infrastructure connectivity with the EU; digital transformation and digital development in the region and territorial communities; innovative transformation of the local economy based on smart specialization; implementation of "green economy" principles and adaptation of regional development policy instruments to the goals of the "European Green Course"; support of projects and programs of interregional interaction of territorial communities on the basis of the development of civil society institutions, social initiatives aimed at creating conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises to implement the principles of circular ecologically safe production; investing in research activities; institutional adaptation of mechanisms of international and regional cooperation in the field of environmental protection, in particular within the framework of environmental protection activities of governmental and non-governmental international organizations, for protection, analysis, and control of the state of the environment and natural territories and objects subject to special protection, as well as recording the facts of environmental offenses and crimes; ensuring systemic nature, balance, consistency, and publicity in the field of spatial development.
economy of regions, concept of resilience, endogenization of regional development
Ensuring competitiveness and sustainable economic growth is possible in the context of modernization of national and regional economies on an innovative basis. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the state regional policy in Ukraine in the context of strengthening the innovation activity of the country’s regions. For this purpose the tendencies are investigated: introduction of the newest technologies and innovations in production; development of scientific and innovative cooperation of the state and non-state sector of science, higher educational institutions and scientific institutions with the real sector of the economy; formation of the economy on a more advanced technological basis; development of regional innovation infrastructure. To assess the innovation potential of the regions of Ukraine (from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the introduction of new technologies and innovations in production), the Index of Innovation Potential of the Regions of Ukraine was calculated and analyzed. The calculation of this Index is based on a system of the following indicators: the share of enterprises engaged in innovation activities; the share of employees in innovative enterprises; the share of enterprises that provided training for innovation; the share of products (goods, services) sold by innovatively active enterprises; the share of sold innovative products (goods, services) that is new to the market; the share of innovation-active enterprises involved in innovation cooperation; share of applications for inventions (national applicants); share of patents for inventions (national applicants); share of utility model applications from national applicants; share of utility model patents (national applicants). The importance of innovative development of territorial social systems of different levels in the context of increasing their competitiveness and ensuring the growth of GRP is proved. It is established that the achievement of higher efficiency of the state regional policy in the context of intensification of innovative development in Ukraine will be promoted by: 1) taking into account endogenous innovative and research potential of a specific territorial community when developing plans / strategies of its innovative development; 2) coordination of state regional policy and sectoral policies at all stages of their passage; 3) monitoring the implementation of programs for innovative development of regions and OTG (in this context it is important to update the existing statistical base in accordance with the new administrative-territorial structure in Ukraine); 4) attraction of alternative sources of financing of innovative projects (funds of the State Fund for Regional Development, private investments (including on the basis of public-private partnership); 5) intensification of inter-municipal cooperation and cooperation of territorial communities in the implementation of large innovative infrastructure projects.
innovations, innovation potential, state regional policy, economy of the region, State strategy of regional development
Modern dynamic development of the Ukrainian society and its integration into global social and economic space is followed by emergence of a wide range of problems (internal and external calls and threats of political and financial and economic nature; spatial deformations at the regional and local levels, growth of a fragmentariness and asymmetry in social and economic development of regions, areas, cities and rural territories, lack of systemic nature and coordination of all participants of regional development), the majority of which is especially sharply shown at the regional level. In this regard, there is a need to reveal the spatial development characteristics and problems of the cities and rural territories for Ukrainian regions, to identify their weaknesses and strengths, in order to determine the optimal mechanism for improving spatial development, which would in the future allow for efficient combining of the state and regional interests in the process of ensuring sustainable development of social and economic space and its regional subsystems. The basic spatial tendencies and characteristic features of socio-economic development of cities and rural territories of Zaporizhia region are highlighted, as well as the optimum mechanism of improvement of their spatial development taking into account regional specificity is outlined. The analysis of the main socio-economic and spatial development indicators allowed us to identify the main characteristics of the urbanization process in the region and its impact on the development of suburban areas. Ranging of cities and areas of the region by the level of social and economic development by means of an integrated index of economic development of the cities and districts of the Zaporizhia region based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of various aspects of social and economic dynamics of their development is carried out. This approach allowed us to ensure the validity and methodological correctness of comparisons of cities and districts parameters in Zaporizhia region by partial integral indexes (economic, social and environmental), and also to determine the place of each of them by rating in the region, which allowed to reliably estimate the depth and extent of their socio-economic development differentiation.
spatial development, socio-economic development, urbanization, monocentricity, old industrial region, index of economic development
The social and economic role of corporate trading networks in the context of modernization of the sphere of commodity circulation in Ukraine is determined. The network form of trade organization is defined to be an effective way of forming the competitive advantages of modern enterprises. It is noted that trade networks contribute to the balancing of production and consumption, the formation of gross value added, the growth of employment, the raising of the educational and qualification level of employees. Three main groups of factors influencing the formation and development of corporate trading networks are considered, in particular the economic, demographic, and urban development. The main tendencies of development of large corporate trading networks at the territory of Ukraine are proven to correspond to world tendencies. The largest trade networks of Ukraine by the share of retail trade turnover of trading enterprises, the number of retail objects of the network and the volume of sales per square meter of trading space are determined. The influence of corporate trading networks on the socio-economic development of the region is described, i.e. the stimulation of economic, social and creative components of the economy. The paper emphasizes that the territories of large cities are particularly attractive for the expansion of corporate trading networks. The activities of corporate trading networks stimulate the development of urban planning and spatial planning of cities and suburban areas. The author shows that the search for quality trade areas stimulates the construction of new trade and shopping-entertainment centers. In recent years, the shopping centers have expanded their functions, contributing to the development of the socio-economic environment of the region. The main directions of such expansion are: ensuring accessibility – improving the quality of the process of buying goods for the prices familiar to a customer in the format of «three in one»; development of trade, road, logistics infrastructure of the region; сreating wide access for consumers to diverse groups of goods and services through an extensive network of trading enterprises; the cultivation of the territory of cities and their peripheries – the transformation of shopping centers into multifunctional community centers that are integrated into the lives of local residents and provide an extended offer of food and beverage, entertainment and household services); increasing the attractiveness of the city’s districts for living. The author reveals the main tendencies of development of large corporate networks, which indicate: a certain stabilization of the economic situation in Ukraine; a qualitative state of the business climate that determines the emergence of large international retailers on the Ukrainian market; planning own development taking into account economic opportunities of the population (development of «private label» and local retail networks), etc. The geographical localization of objects of corporate trading networks is described. There is a certain saturation of trade objects of the eastern region of the country, which reduces the potential for attracting additional investments. At the same time, the level of supply of retail space in the cities of Western Ukraine remains low, which gives them a potential for growth.
corporate trade networks, trade, social and economic role, shopping and entertainment centers, infrastructure, sphere of commodity circulation
The article analyzes the main tendencies of development and budgetary provision of pre-school education in the cities of oblast significance of the Lviv region. The question of the effectiveness of educational institutions financing from local budgets is highlighted in the works of L. Benovska, O. Demkiv, V. Nadraha, Yu. Nakonechna, I. Storonyanska, and others. However, the change in the order of budget financing of preschool education, which took place in the course of administrative and financial decentralization, led to the necessity of additional research on the development and financial support of the mentioned sphere at the level of cities of oblast significance. The purpose of the work is to elucidate the peculiarities and problems of development and budget provision of the pre-school education in the cities of oblast significance of the Lviv region; to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of budget financing of this sphere. The article describes the key problems of the development of pre-school education in cities of oblast significance in the Lviv region, in particular, the low coverage of children by pre-school education; lack of pre-school educational institutions and places for them to study and raise children; congestion of groups; lack of competition in the field of state and municipal pre-school education. With the help of economic-mathematical modeling and sensitivity factors, it is indicated that there is a direct link between the main indicators of the development of the investigated sphere and the scope and effectiveness of budget financing of the field of pre-school education. Priority ways to increase the efficiency of budget financing of the pre-school education sphere have been named in order to ensure the growth of the quality of educational services. In particular, this is: 1. Activation of the network of pre-school educational institutions. 2. Prioritization of enrollment in a specific state / municipal pre-school establishment for children registered in the respective territory (district in the city, etc.). 3. Granting priority to enroll in a specific state / municipal pre-school institution for those children whose parents are officially employed and must terminate maternity leave after a child has become 3 years old. 4. Regulation of issues related to the operation of the system of electronic registration of children in institutions of preschool education. 5. Regulation of issues related to the partial compensation for parents for children’s nutrition at pre-school institutions. 6. Search for sources of additional funding other than budget ones. In the context of the limited budget resources, the implementation of these proposals in the long run will allow gradual shift of the emphasis on the implementation of the system of standards, which are approved by the education authorities, to ensure the high quality of educational services in the lower secondary schools.
city of oblast significance, local budget, budget of the city of oblast significance, budget expenditures, pre-school education, financing of preschool education, budgetary provision of preschool education
Citations
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Melnyk, M. I. (2018). Instytutsiyne zabezpechennya rozvytku IT-sektoru v Ukrayini: osnovni problemy ta priorytetni napryamy udoskonalennya [Іnstitutional provision of IT sector development in Ukraine: main problems and priority directions of improvement]. Rehional’na ekonomika – Regional economy, 1(87), 102-110. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2019.01.010.005}
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Melnyk M. I., & Leshchukh, I. V. (2019). Mista-tsentry ekonomichnoyi aktyvnosti u vymiri tsiley inklyuzyvnoho rozvytku [Cities-centers of economic activity in measuring the goals of inclusive development] Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine, 3, 70-84. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2019.04.032.003}
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Melnyk, M. I. (Ed.) (2019). Prostorova orhanizatsiya biznesu v rehionakh Ukrayiny: formy ta mekhanizmy rehulyuvannya [Spatial organization of business in the regions of Ukraine: forms and mechanisms of regulation]: 2 vols. Vol. 2. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. (Series «Problems of regional development»). [in Ukrainian]. {sep2019.04.032.006}
Melnyk, M. I, Leshchukh, I. V., & Yaremchuk, R. Ye. (2019). Efektyvnist’ administratyvno-finansovoyi detsentralizatsiyi v rehioni: investytsiynyy vymir [Effectiveness of administrative and financial decentralization in the region: an investment dimension]. Finansy Ukrayiny – Finance of Ukraine, 3, 103-117. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2019.05.026.006}
Melnyk, M., & Leshchukh, I. (2019). Structural Transformations in Innovative Activities of Industrial Enterprises at Local and Regional Levels: the Experience of Ukraine and EU Countries. Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Poznaniu – Scientific Journals of the WSB University in Poznań, 86(3), 33-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26349/zn.wsb.w.poznaniu.0086.03 {sep2021.02.042.012}
Melnyk, M. I. (Ed.) (2020). Strukturna transformatsiya ekonomiky mist Zakhidnoho rehionu Ukrayiny: peredumovy, chynnyky ta osoblyvosti [Structural transformation of urban economy in the Western region of Ukraine: preconditions, factors and features]: Scientific report. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. Retrieved from http://ird.gov.ua/irdp/p20200033.pdf [in Ukrainian]. {sep2021.02.042.013}
Melnyk, M. I. (Ed.). (2020). Strukturna transformatsiya ekonomiky mist Zakhidnoho rehionu Ukrayiny: peredumovy, chynnyky ta osoblyvosti [Structural transformation of the urban economy of the Western region of Ukraine: preconditions, factors and features]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2021.04.009.015}
Melnyk, M. I. (Ed.) (2021). Potentsial sektoru komertsiynykh posluh rehioniv Ukrayiny: efektyvnist’ vykorystannya ta mekhanizmy detinizatsiyi [The potential of the commercial services sector of the regions of Ukraine: efficiency of use and mechanisms of detinization]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. (Series «Problems of regional development»). [in Ukrainian]. {sep2023.01.023.005}
Melnyk, M. I. (Ed.) (2022). Hlobal’ni chynnyky ta ryzyky endohennoho rozvytku rehioniv [Global factors and risks of endogenous development of regions]. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. (Series «Problems of regional development»). [in Ukrainian]. {sep2023.02.003.008}
Melnyk, M., & Leshchukh, I. (2022). Vplyv zbroynoyi ahresiyi Rosiyi na endohennyy potentsial rehioniv Ukrayiny [Influence of Russian Federation’s armed aggression on the endogenous potential of the regions of Ukraine]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine, 9, 21-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.09.021 [in Ukrainian]. {sep2023.03.003.006}
Melnyk, M. I., & Leshchukh, I. V. (2023). Rozvytok infrastruktury mul’tymodal’nykh perevezen’ v Ukrayini u konteksti zminy transportno-lohistychnykh marshrutiv v umovakh viyny [Development of the infrastructure of multimodal transportation in Ukraine in the context of changes in transport and logistics routes in the conditions of war]: Scientific report. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. (Series «Problems of regional development»). Retrieved from http://ird.gov.ua/irdp/p20230032.pdf [in Ukrainian]. {sep2023.03.003.016}
Melnyk, M., Ivaniuk, U., Leshchukh, I., & Halkiv, L. (2023). The sustainable development and resilience of socio-economic system: Conceptualization and diagnostics of problems in conditions of global challenges and shocks. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(4), 1035-1043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180406 {sep2023.04.012.003}
Melnyk, M., & Leshchukh, I. (2022). Vplyv zbroynoyi ahresiyi Rosiyi na endohennyy potentsial rehioniv Ukrayiny [Influence of Russian Federation’s armed aggression on the endogenous potential of the regions of Ukraine]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine, 9, 21-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.09.021 [in Ukrainian]. {sep2023.04.012.007}
УКР
mar.melnyk@gmail.com
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