Senior Researcher, Scientific Secretary of the unit of the Department of spatial development of the Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine
The issue of unequal development of Ukrainian regions is not a recent one. Nonetheless, a new global shock – Russia’s war against Ukraine – has further exacerbated the differences between regions in terms of their development opportunities and the necessary state support, as its intensity has a differentiated spatial (geographical) nature. The article substantiates the expediency of implementing a diversified policy of strengthening the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the face of global shocks, taking into account local socio-economic needs, endogenous development capacity, and security factor. The author identifies the basic guidelines for a diversified policy of strengthening the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the context of global shocks, namely: 1) creation of attractive socio-economic and infrastructural conditions for maintaining and developing the capacity of Ukrainian economic entities; 2) return of displaced persons from abroad; 3) balanced and sustainable development of the state. The article offers a conceptual approach to a diversified policy of strengthening the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the face of global shocks in terms of functional types of territories (recovery areas, regional growth poles, territories with special development conditions, and sustainable development areas) and levels of governance (regional/territorial and national). The author argues that ensuring the resilience, sustainability, and cohesion of territorial development requires the implementation of a set of measures that involve intervention at the national level. First and foremost, it is the matter of strengthening national defense and security, enhancing environmental safety, pursuing a proactive social policy and the development of the labor market as its integral part, and intensifying the state’s European integration policy. The expected consequences of the implementation of a diversified approach to the policy of strengthening the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the face of global shocks include a) reduction of imbalance in regional development, creation of equal conditions for dynamic and balanced socio-economic development of regions, and creation of favorable conditions for attracting investment and infrastructure development; b) creation of new jobs and increase in employment and overall living standards of residents, which will contribute to overcoming poverty and unemployment in the future; c) maximizing the use of the region’s endogenous capacity for its balanced development and improving the living standards of the population; d) rational and economical use of natural resources, taking into account the need to preserve and protect the environment. The author emphasizes the importance of monitoring the results of the implementation of measures to strengthen the resilience of Ukrainian regions in the face of global shocks, which should be conducted based on appropriate indicators for quantitative (using the main indicators of socio-economic development expressed in natural or cost terms) and qualitative (to track the consequences/results of specific measures and/or policy instruments for strengthening regional resilience) analysis.
spatial development, development of regions, resilience of the socio-economic system, diversified development, global shocks
economic activity in the face of the war shock. The article shows that the relocation of business in the context of a full-scale war has led to the deindustrialization of the eastern regions and the strengthening of the industrialization of the western regions. The article reveals that the relocation of business, which was accompanied by a change in the spatial structure of the economy, was also characterized by the migration of economic, financial, investment, and innovation capital from the east to the west of the country. On the other hand, the relocation of a large number of enterprises to regions far from the combat zone was accompanied by tensions between relocated and local companies due to the difference in organizational and behavioral models of doing business. As a result, there was a low level of integration of relocated businesses into the local economy and little cooperation with local governments. The authors identify the main problems most often encountered by enterprises during relocation (first of all, the mismatch of engineering, transport infrastructure and industrial sites in the host regions with the needs of large industrial enterprises; the need to train specialists with appropriate qualifications at the relocation sites; high cost and legal and technical complexity of relocation procedures; loss of resources, goods, and fixed assets during relocation; restrictions on mobility for certain types of business due to their territorial “tying” (primarily agribusiness and large manufacturing and logistics companies)). The article identifies that the change in the spatial structure of the economy is also associated with a decrease in the business activity of agricultural enterprises whose business is tied to a specific territory. The authors emphasize that the temporal and spatial uncertainty of the hostilities, as well as the relocation of business, have led to the processes of reorientation of transport and logistics routes of business entities. This includes the destruction of critical and production infrastructure; logistical problems due to the limited capacity of Ukrzaliznytsya and the closure of Black Sea ports (primarily for industrial enterprises); increased production and export losses due to military disruption of normal supply chains; and a lack of orders and demand for goods (works and services). The article reveals that in the context of the reorientation of transport and logistics routes of business entities, the regions of southern Ukraine suffered the most, where sea transportation became impossible in the first months of the war. In general, the regions of Western Ukraine and Poltavska oblast demonstrated faster adaptation and post-shock recovery of the business environment. The main factors that impeded the resilience of the business sector in the Central and Eastern regions included geographic location (proximity to the front line), as well as logistical and energy challenges.
disproportionality of economic development, business relocation, entrepreneurship development, regional economy, Russia's war against Ukraine, post-war reconstruction of Ukraine
Ensuring competitiveness and sustainable economic growth is possible in the context of modernization of national and regional economies on an innovative basis. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the state regional policy in Ukraine in the context of strengthening the innovation activity of the country’s regions. For this purpose the tendencies are investigated: introduction of the newest technologies and innovations in production; development of scientific and innovative cooperation of the state and non-state sector of science, higher educational institutions and scientific institutions with the real sector of the economy; formation of the economy on a more advanced technological basis; development of regional innovation infrastructure. To assess the innovation potential of the regions of Ukraine (from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the introduction of new technologies and innovations in production), the Index of Innovation Potential of the Regions of Ukraine was calculated and analyzed. The calculation of this Index is based on a system of the following indicators: the share of enterprises engaged in innovation activities; the share of employees in innovative enterprises; the share of enterprises that provided training for innovation; the share of products (goods, services) sold by innovatively active enterprises; the share of sold innovative products (goods, services) that is new to the market; the share of innovation-active enterprises involved in innovation cooperation; share of applications for inventions (national applicants); share of patents for inventions (national applicants); share of utility model applications from national applicants; share of utility model patents (national applicants). The importance of innovative development of territorial social systems of different levels in the context of increasing their competitiveness and ensuring the growth of GRP is proved. It is established that the achievement of higher efficiency of the state regional policy in the context of intensification of innovative development in Ukraine will be promoted by: 1) taking into account endogenous innovative and research potential of a specific territorial community when developing plans / strategies of its innovative development; 2) coordination of state regional policy and sectoral policies at all stages of their passage; 3) monitoring the implementation of programs for innovative development of regions and OTG (in this context it is important to update the existing statistical base in accordance with the new administrative-territorial structure in Ukraine); 4) attraction of alternative sources of financing of innovative projects (funds of the State Fund for Regional Development, private investments (including on the basis of public-private partnership); 5) intensification of inter-municipal cooperation and cooperation of territorial communities in the implementation of large innovative infrastructure projects.
innovations, innovation potential, state regional policy, economy of the region, State strategy of regional development
Under the current processes of consolidation of territorial communities, the policy of their social, economic and ecological stability based on efficient nature management is related to the condition and nature of the use of natural resources by people in their activity to maintain their existence. Conducting economic activity, people use various natural resources. Therefore, objective and distinct assessment of natural resources is of particular importance. The development of a territory and entities located there depend on this assessment. Natural resources capacity is considered in modern science as the most important factors of economic development of both the regions and the country in general. The paper aims to research the problems of the use of natural resources capacity of a territorial community and to define the ways of their efficient use. Scientific approaches to classification of natural resources capacity of a territorial community are systematized and its nature is outlined. The structure of natural resources capacity of territorial communities is formed. Main problems of the use of natural resources capacity of territorial communities are defined. Conceptual and structural model of natural resources capacity of a territorial community is characterized. Major aspects of forming of modern financial-economic mechanism of capitalization of a community’s natural resources are examined. The paper reveals that natural resources capacity of territorial communities provides an opportunity to improve the level of financial capacity of a community by filling local budgets through the development of relevant territories. The approaches to the improvement of the efficiency of the use of natural resources by territorial communities in conditions of authorities’ decentralization in Ukraine are suggested.
authorities’ decentralization, natural resources capacity, territorial communities, financial-economic mechanism of capitalization, local budgets
The purpose of the article is to study the innovative dimension of structural transformations of the economy of large cities of Ukraine on the example of industrial enterprises. For this purpose, the author analyzes the dynamics of the quantity, structure and concentration of innovative active industrial enterprises in the big cities of Ukraine; the dynamics and structure of innovations (introduction of new technological processes and development of innovative types of products); indicators of the implementation of innovative products. In order to compare, the article provides statistical information on innovation activities in Ukrainian industry as a whole, as well as in Polish industry. The paper establishes that financial constraints remain to be the main factor inhibiting the innovation activity of domestic industrial enterprises due to acute shortage of own financial resources, which are the main source of financing of innovation activity. The main institutional and organizational problems of activation of innovation activity in industry are named, in particular: 1) low level of innovation and executive culture, insufficient enforcement of laws and violations of legislation; 2) absence of coordinated activity of state, regional authorities and local self government bodies aimed at the country's innovative development; 3) the lack of integrated application of mechanisms of state influence to achieve innovation priorities; 4) insufficient development of innovation infrastructure; 5) low level of innovation activity of small industrial enterprises; 6) there is almost no cooperation between the state, science and business in the priority sectors for the national economy. The problems associated with human resources provision of high-tech development are sharp for Ukraine. The solution of this problem is seen in improving the quality of technical education and ensuring its compliance with contemporary world trends and requirements; forecasting and monitoring of the state order for specialists in technological specialties, etc. The prospect of further research on the subject of the article is the search for ways to create favorable institutional and organizational conditions for increasing the innovation activity of industrial enterprises.
economy transformation, economic structure, innovation activity, innovation, industrial enterprises, innovation development, innovations in industry
The article analyzes the main tendencies of development and budgetary provision of pre-school education in the cities of oblast significance of the Lviv region. The question of the effectiveness of educational institutions financing from local budgets is highlighted in the works of L. Benovska, O. Demkiv, V. Nadraha, Yu. Nakonechna, I. Storonyanska, and others. However, the change in the order of budget financing of preschool education, which took place in the course of administrative and financial decentralization, led to the necessity of additional research on the development and financial support of the mentioned sphere at the level of cities of oblast significance. The purpose of the work is to elucidate the peculiarities and problems of development and budget provision of the pre-school education in the cities of oblast significance of the Lviv region; to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of budget financing of this sphere. The article describes the key problems of the development of pre-school education in cities of oblast significance in the Lviv region, in particular, the low coverage of children by pre-school education; lack of pre-school educational institutions and places for them to study and raise children; congestion of groups; lack of competition in the field of state and municipal pre-school education. With the help of economic-mathematical modeling and sensitivity factors, it is indicated that there is a direct link between the main indicators of the development of the investigated sphere and the scope and effectiveness of budget financing of the field of pre-school education. Priority ways to increase the efficiency of budget financing of the pre-school education sphere have been named in order to ensure the growth of the quality of educational services. In particular, this is: 1. Activation of the network of pre-school educational institutions. 2. Prioritization of enrollment in a specific state / municipal pre-school establishment for children registered in the respective territory (district in the city, etc.). 3. Granting priority to enroll in a specific state / municipal pre-school institution for those children whose parents are officially employed and must terminate maternity leave after a child has become 3 years old. 4. Regulation of issues related to the operation of the system of electronic registration of children in institutions of preschool education. 5. Regulation of issues related to the partial compensation for parents for children’s nutrition at pre-school institutions. 6. Search for sources of additional funding other than budget ones. In the context of the limited budget resources, the implementation of these proposals in the long run will allow gradual shift of the emphasis on the implementation of the system of standards, which are approved by the education authorities, to ensure the high quality of educational services in the lower secondary schools.
city of oblast significance, local budget, budget of the city of oblast significance, budget expenditures, pre-school education, financing of preschool education, budgetary provision of preschool education
Citations
Melnyk M. I., & Leshchukh, I. V. (2019). Mista-tsentry ekonomichnoyi aktyvnosti u vymiri tsiley inklyuzyvnoho rozvytku [Cities-centers of economic activity in measuring the goals of inclusive development] Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine, 3, 70-84. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2019.04.032.003}
Melnyk, M. I, Leshchukh, I. V., & Yaremchuk, R. Ye. (2019). Efektyvnist’ administratyvno-finansovoyi detsentralizatsiyi v rehioni: investytsiynyy vymir [Effectiveness of administrative and financial decentralization in the region: an investment dimension]. Finansy Ukrayiny – Finance of Ukraine, 3, 103-117. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2019.05.026.006}
Bil, M. M., & Leshchukh, I. V. (2019). Metodychni pidkhody analizu lyuds’koho potentsialu terytorial’noyi hromady [Methodical approaches of analysis of human potential of territorial community]. Derzhava ta rehiony. Seriya Ekonomika ta pidpryiemnytstvo – The state and the regions. Series: Economics and business, 3, 203-208. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2019.05.042.001}
Leshchukh, I. V., & Patytska, Kh. O. (2020). Innovatsiynyy potentsial rehioniv Ukrayiny v konteksti formuvannya stratehiy smart-spetsializatsiyi [Innovative potential of regions of Ukraine in the context of formation of strategies of smart specialization]: Scientific report. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. [in Ukrainian]. {sep2021.02.042.011}
Melnyk, M., & Leshchukh, I. (2019). Structural Transformations in Innovative Activities of Industrial Enterprises at Local and Regional Levels: the Experience of Ukraine and EU Countries. Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Poznaniu – Scientific Journals of the WSB University in Poznań, 86(3), 33-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26349/zn.wsb.w.poznaniu.0086.03 {sep2021.02.042.012}
Leshchukh, I. V. (2019). Innovatsiynyy vymir strukturnykh transformatsiy ekonomiky velykykh mist Ukrayiny [Innovative dimension of structural transformations of the economy of large cities of Ukraine]. In Sotsial’no-ekonomichni problemy suchasnoho periodu Ukrayiny [Socio-economic problems of the modern period of Ukraine]: Vol. 2 (136) (pp. 7-15). DOI: https://doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-2-2 [in Ukrainian]. {sep2021.02.042.020}
Leshchukh, I. (2020). Innovative capacity of Ukraine regions. Perspectives, 2, 4-21. Retrieved from http://perspectives-ism.eu/full/p202-s004.pdf {sep2021.02.042.024}
Melnyk, M., & Leshchukh, I. (2022). Vplyv zbroynoyi ahresiyi Rosiyi na endohennyy potentsial rehioniv Ukrayiny [Influence of Russian Federation’s armed aggression on the endogenous potential of the regions of Ukraine]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine, 9, 21-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.09.021 [in Ukrainian]. {sep2023.03.003.006}
Melnyk, M. I., & Leshchukh, I. V. (2023). Rozvytok infrastruktury mul’tymodal’nykh perevezen’ v Ukrayini u konteksti zminy transportno-lohistychnykh marshrutiv v umovakh viyny [Development of the infrastructure of multimodal transportation in Ukraine in the context of changes in transport and logistics routes in the conditions of war]: Scientific report. Lviv: Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of NAS of Ukraine. (Series «Problems of regional development»). Retrieved from http://ird.gov.ua/irdp/p20230032.pdf [in Ukrainian]. {sep2023.03.003.016}
Melnyk, M., Ivaniuk, U., Leshchukh, I., & Halkiv, L. (2023). The sustainable development and resilience of socio-economic system: Conceptualization and diagnostics of problems in conditions of global challenges and shocks. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(4), 1035-1043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180406 {sep2023.04.012.003}
Melnyk, M., & Leshchukh, I. (2022). Vplyv zbroynoyi ahresiyi Rosiyi na endohennyy potentsial rehioniv Ukrayiny [Influence of Russian Federation’s armed aggression on the endogenous potential of the regions of Ukraine]. Ekonomika Ukrayiny – Economy of Ukraine, 9, 21-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.09.021 [in Ukrainian]. {sep2023.04.012.007}
УКР
ira_leschukh@ukr.net
ira_borsch@mail.ru
(+38096)751-33-89
