In the article given the structural heterogeneity of the formation of domestic commodity exports in a regional context, research in this direction is relevant. The results of relevant analytical assessments will create an information base for the development of regional export strategies. The purpose of the article is to determine the main trends of commodity export development in the Ukraine regions on the basis of evaluation of its dynamics and structure. Since 2016, export activity has been restored in Ukraine. In 2017, the growth rates of commodity exports were negative only in two regions – Luhansk and Kirovograd. The basis of commodity exports of Ukraine (43.35%) is formed by three regions – Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk and Zaporizhya. These regions exported 93.57% of the metallurgy products (product group ХV), which predominates in domestic commodity exports with a share of 29.25%. Dnipropetrovs’k region is also a leader in the volume of exports of mining industry products with a share of 52.07%. The sign of the deterioration of the structure of Ukrainian commodity exports (according to the criterion of technological capacity) is a significant increase in its low-tech products, in particular agriculture and food industry (I-IV commodity groups), almost in twice, and woodworking (IX-X groups) and textile (XI group) of productions – more than in 1.5 times. At the same time, the share of high- and medium-tech products decreased significantly: chemical production (VІ group) – almost in twice, the transport industries (ХVІІ group) – in 5.8 times. The decline in technological capacity and the level of diversification of the structure of commodity exports in the direction of strengthening its raw material orientation creates serious threats to the country’s socio-economic development in the worsening of the world situation on commodities. To eliminate these and other threats, it is proposed to: diversify the commodity structure of domestic exports by increasing the number of commodity groups in it (in particular, the products of high and medium technological production); balancing the structure of commodity exports in the context of Ukraine’s trading partners; directing the policy of import substitution to strengthen the orientation of certain categories of industrial production to meet the needs of the domestic market; the introduction of selective subsidization, tax incentives and information and consultation support of domestic commodity producers, especially innovation.
commodity export, growth rates, structure, commodity group, products of industry, products of agriculture
The article defines aspects of conceptual and methodological character and applied developments in determining the peculiarities of the reliability of the development of Сonsumer Сooperation in Ukraine. The methodological approach to determining the peculiarities of the reliability of development of individual subjects of Сonsumer Сooperation has been improved and their place in the development of the national economy is reflected. The list of criteria required to ensure the reliability of the development of Сonsumer Сooperation in Ukraine is determined. A list of socio-economic indicators used to determine the peculiarities of a reliable development of Сonsumer Сooperation in Ukraine has been formed. The bases of the reliability of development of Сonsumer Сooperation of Ukraine in order to maintain its viability and reliable functioning, taking into account the possibility of evaluating subsystems, as well as the specifics of Сonsumer Сooperation, are systematized. The block diagram of the structure of Сonsumer Сooperation of Ukraine by regions was constructed under conditions of the reliability of its development. It is substantiated that the regional approach allows the most complete use of the totality of material, raw material, labor, information, production, financial potential of the main participants. This may stimulate an increase in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in the subjects of Consumer Cooperation. Іt is grounded that the reliability of the development of consumer co-operation of Ukraine is possible if the reliability of the regional systems supported by the subjects of management of consumer co-operation is ensured. It is proved that the study of the peculiarities of the reliability of the development of consumer co-operation in Ukraine provides the basis for calculating the integral index of reliability of the development of consumer co-operation in Ukraine and the creation of a complex of scenarios for the development of consumer co-operation in Ukraine in the structure of the national economy.
development reliability, Сonsumer Сooperation, criteria of the reliability of development, indicators of reliability of development, bases of the reliability of development, the economic reliability of development, the social relia
Elaboration of state program, to manage the tourism branch development and of regional complex targeted programs as well as creation of efficient public touristic policy is the urgent issue. Public tourism management policy requires well-balanced approach on the basis of complex analysis with the use of practical experience in planning and prognosis of hotel and restaurant business development both in the country overall and in its regions. Successful functioning of hotel and restaurant business strives for new ways to solve the issues of its efficient activity through improvement of their management. In case of efficient public management the hotel and restaurant business is the major social and economic sphere that is the source of currency inflow to state budget and the indicator of social and cultural development of a country. Nowadays the problem of efficient public management of hotel and restaurant business is the matter of utmost urgency in our country. Lately there have been numerous researches devoted to various aspects of organization and management of tourism industry, including the hotel and restaurant business, contributing to adjusting and forming of the necessary information basis for research and revealing its role. The paper aims to analyze the existing theoretical and practical methods of hotel and restaurant business management as the component of tourism industry as well as the methodology and methods of forming and development of tourism business under the conditions of changing external environment. The results of theoretical research of methodological and methodical problems on public regulation of tourism industry and its components, in particular the hotel and restaurant business, are presented. The following aspects are found to be included in the mechanism of tourism policy implementation: 1) elaboration of targeted programs on tourism development at the level of a country and its regions; 2) development of specific measures to achieve the set strategic objective; 3) public regulation of tourism branch development. Analysis conducted by the World Tourism Organization testifies to the fact that in the majority of countries in the world the public tourism policy is implemented directly by the central executive authorities – national tourism organizations, other institutes, as well as indirectly through legislative leverages of tourism infrastructure maintenance and international policy. In conclusion, we can affirm that public regulation of hotel and restaurant business as the component of tourism industry is one of the mechanisms to implement public policy in the tourism sphere.
tourism, hotel and restaurant business, public regulation, legislation, tourism business
The paper analyzes the tendencies of meat and meat products market development in Ukraine and the major tendencies of foreign economic activity at domestic export-oriented agrarian enterprises in order to define their opportunities to sale meat products at both internal and external markets and find out the organizational aspects of their readiness to integrate to European markets. Dynamics of meat products export by years and countries is analyzed on the basis of official statistical data. Specific attention is paid to the interests of European market and mechanisms of domestic poultry adaptation to the requirements of European economic space. The paper reveals that not all agricultural enterprises can be the perspective exporters at meat products market, only large agricultural enterprises, which have opportunities for accumulation of all production factors and forming of infrastructural environment to export meat products. In order to expand the sales markets and to enter new foreign markets the agrarian enterprises’ production has to have certain features, like high production profitability (as far as production entry into the foreign market requires significant expenditures), high quality of production, its correspondence to the standards of a country bound to be an importer of the production. Moreover, enterprises have to permanently work at examining of situation at external market in order to react fast to legislative changes and changes in market conditions. As far as foreign economic policy of our country is directed at European integration and promotion of Ukrainian producers’ goods at EU countries’ market the growth of the level of meat products export capacity can be achieved due to renovation and modernization of production processes and adjusting of quality standards to the requirements of the country-importer of a certain production type. Agrarian sector production is now the basis of the commodity structure of Ukrainian export. Strengthening of foreign economic relations will contribute to expansion of export capacity of domestic agrarian enterprises, modernization of processing sphere and export of qualitative production with high value.
meat market, livestock, meat products, European integration
The purpose of the paper is to study trends and factors in the development of the chemical industry in Ukraine, to determine the prospects for its functioning, taking into account industry’s strengths and weaknesses. The research shows that chemical industry develops and functions in Ukraine primarily due to the fact that it possesses a strong raw material base (stocks of almost all kinds of mineral chemical raw materials: coal, natural gas, oil, sulfur, carbonate raw materials, table and potash salts, titanium ores, etc.). At the same time, there is a negative tendency of reducing the domestic raw materials share in the industry’s raw material balance. In addition, due to the destructive effect of macroeconomic, market and political factors, the chemical industry production potential has decreased recently, affecting the indicators of the chemical products share in the industrialization volumes. Taking into account the importance of the chemical manufacture in Ukrainian industry, the dynamics of chemical industry share in the volume of sold industrial products, as well as its share in imports and exports, are analyzed. The comparative estimation of chemicals production indices with industry’s production indices in general is performed. The factors of the chemical industry development are determined. The main industry development tendencies are analyzed and the comparative analysis with industry general tendencies is conducted. The structural analysis of the Ukrainian chemical industry is carried out. The chemical industry features, as well as the industry development deterrent factors, are revealed. The strengths and weaknesses, which are inherent for the chemical industry in general and related to the features of the macro environment in Ukraine, are determined. Based on the results of the research, the opportunities and prospects for the chemical industry development are outlined. As a prior task the attraction of investments for the latest technologies financing in Ukrainian chemical industry is defined. It will contribute to maintaining the competitive positions in the domestic and foreign commodity markets. In addition, the necessity of developing the strategies of the certain commodity groups import substitution and the maximum diversification of high-tech Ukrainian chemicals (in particular fertilizers and inorganic chemistry) exports are substantiated.
chemical industry, index of chemicals manufacture, index of industrial products manufacturers’ prices
A set of problems of improvement of the mountain territories’ social and economic development policy (mountain policy) in Ukraine are outlined. National legislative maintenance of mountain policy is assessed and conclusions over the non-compliance with the established public guarantees of mountain territories’ social and economic development and the fallacy of orientation exclusively on direct budget assistance are made. The fact that the approach is inefficient and requires enhancement in terms of introducing the stimuli for investment attraction from extrabudgetary sources with gradual waiving of benefits for rural residents, creation of favourable conditions for entrepreneurship activity and maintenance of multi-profile economic development of mountain territories is proven. The importance of improving their economic competitive ability and creation of new jobs to prevent mountains’ depopulation is emphasized. The examples of the best European practices of mountain territories’ development, recommended to be introduced in Ukraine, are given, including: improvement of transport, social and public infrastructure in mountain regions; development of the concepts and programs of mountain territories’ development and state assistance to implementation of projects provided by them; creation of mountain territories’ support funds; providing subsidies to agricultural producers in mountain areas and promoting of their cooperation; assistance to the development of the sphere of tourism, resorts, traditional crafts and industries; promotion of jobs creation in mountain areas in the types of industrial activity, which do not have harmful environmental impact, orienting at the sphere of small and medium business; taking the specifics of mountain territories into account in the mechanisms of financial and budget equalization, etc. Special attention is paid to the importance of state assistance to economic development of mountain territories. The mechanism of investment activity stimulation at mountain territories is suggested. Peculiarities of the Law of Ukraine № 6439 «On amendments to some laws of Ukraine on strengthening the government guarantees for mountain and highland settlements» accepted to consideration by Verhovna Rada of Ukraine, which, in particular, stipulates allocation of the category of highland settlements, are outlined. Highland settlements are the mountain settlements located at 600 meters and higher above sea level. The article also provides the authors’ data on location of mountain settlements of Ukraine by absolute altitude.
Nowadays the defining of regions’ role in social and economic processes of a state, related to authorities’ decentralization and maintenance of their balanced functioning, remains to be an important issue. To accomplish this task it is necessary to adhere to the strategies of regions’ development. The efficiency of their accomplishment to a large extent depends on creation and implementation of the monitoring system. The complex of mechanisms of strategy practical realization defines monitoring organization. Furthermore, application of relevant management methods and instruments depends on the trustworthy and timely assessment of established indicators, which are responsible for achievement of strategic goals, in particular: creation of optimal conditions for regions to disclose their capacity and efficiently use the competitive advantages of regional economy; preventing the deepening of regional disproportions in residents’ access primarily to basic social, public, administrative, transport, informational and other services; creation of conditions for regions’ and communities’ cooperation; creation of basis for implementation of efficient state regional policy – the mechanism and instrument of state regulation of regional development that contributes to solution of regions’ problems. It requires in the first place the decentralization of state powers through their transfer to local level along with transition of relevant financial resources, improvement of the processes of strategic planning and accomplishment of the defined tasks at all levels, introduction of an efficient mechanism to coordinate the operation of central and local executive authorities and local governments in the course of realization of branch priorities and tasks at various territorial levels. The paper aims to define the problem of regional and local strategies’ monitoring implementation and explain the suggestions on improvement of monitoring process. The nature and tasks of regional and local strategies’ monitoring implementation are outlined and its major instruments are selected. The differences between the monitoring and standard statistical technology are determined. Available models and algorithm of monitoring of strategic plans accomplishment are researched. The fact that the major goal of monitoring is to collect, study and prepare information for making and analyzing economic decisions at various management levels is explained. Suggestions on improvement of the process of regional and local strategies’ monitoring are made. Therefore, permanent monitoring of strategies, reporting to the relevant authorities and raising community awareness about its results shows the openness of the very mechanism of planning for community. Thus, in order to efficiently realize the monitoring of regional and local strategies’ accomplishment it is necessary: to determine the main structure that will introduce the whole complex of activities on monitoring and will bear responsibility for accomplishment of strategies; to automate the process of monitoring, as far as introducing amendments to the existing strategies can lead to the broken links and therefore cause the inefficiency of management decisions.
decentralization, information basis, monitoring, evaluation, regional and local strategies
The review of numerous researches testifies to the fact that in the process of economic development during the Ukraine’s independency the approaches to substantiation of economic activity priorities haven’t taken a definite shape either methodologically or practically, especially in terms of regions. This situation has brought about the loss of strong points of strategically important activity types and elimination of relevant scientific and research structures, leading to reduction of independence and capability of certain activity types. Defining of priorities is the basis for further endeavors in terms of economy development. Therefore, in order to carry out more profound evaluation the relevant correctly methodologically formed quantitative analytics that can generate the better understanding of regional profile of economy and the weight of certain activity types is essential. The paper aims to showcase the approach to substantiation of priorities of Carpathian region oblasts’ specialization on the basis of multi-criteria segmentation of economic activity. The research analyzes the economy of Carpathian region oblasts in order to segment the types of activity by the shares and paces of target-forming parameters. The place of Carpathian region and its oblasts in Ukrainian economy is established to take a small share by the GDP rate – generally about 10%. It increases the need for substantiated priorities of regional economy, especially those related to goal-forming criteria. The types of activity that take leading positions by multi-criteria segmentation in terms of oblasts are defined. In particular, the policy of maintenance and support of the relevant types of activity for each oblast should primarily concern those with S1, S2 ranks, which contribute the most to the achievement of abovementioned criteria, and I1, І2, which tend to increase with the fastest paces. The analysis also should be supported by calculations of absolute parameters of selected prioritization criteria, as far as smaller growth of larger volumes can cause greater effect than swift growth of smaller volumes. However, in the long-term perspective the latter gains sense as well. Crosscutting interpretation is carried out for the Carpathian region. Crosscutting interpretations of obtained results on the defined goal-forming parameters in Carpathian region overall has revealed the types of activity that prevail by the shares in all oblasts – engineering, chemical production, supply of energy resources, trade activity.
priorities, specialization, segmentation of economic activity, oblasts of the Carpathian region
The paper researches the peculiarities of the processes of regulation and stimulation of primary housing markets in Ukrainian regions. Definition of regional housing markets and competitive policy in the sphere of primary residential housing markets regulation are outlined. The major indicators of primary housing markets functioning in Ukrainian regions in the context of problem-oriented approach are analyzed. The ways to use the instruments of competitive policy in order to improve the efficiency of functioning of primary residential housing markets in the regions mainly due to reduction of their monopolization on the basis of introducing of fair and regulated competition are defined. The research aims to analyze the processes of stimulation of primary residential housing markets in the regions of Ukraine and to define the ways to implement competitive policy as the instrument to improve the efficiency of such stimulation. In general the markets of residential housing are to be understood as the aggregate of national and regional housing markets (primary and secondary markets of residential funds) formed in a country in the course of its economic development. Dynamic basis of residential housing markets forms the primary market of residential fund, because here the residential real estate created by the relevant structures and put up for sale for the first time is realized. Competitive policy in the sphere of stimulation of primary housing markets is the aggregate of goals (forming of competitive relations, demonopolization, housing affordability) and means to achieve them – organizational-economic and financial-credit mechanisms, including mortgage. Spontaneous growth of housing development, substantial fluctuations of investment activity in the regions in the sphere of housing development, significant regional and temporal differentiation of prices at housing market stipulated by not only the factors of demand and supply, but also, according to experts, by such negative phenomena as monopolization and unfair competition, requires forming and undertaking of the complex of activities on implementation of housing markets development competitive policy both at national and regional levels.
The state and level of functioning of construction as one of the system-forming sectors of the economy is an indicator of socio-economic development of the country. In view of this, the study of the specialization and trends of the construction sector in the economy of the regions of Ukraine in the period of transformational change and economic integration is relevant. The goal of the article is to study the trends of development and structural changes in the construction sector of the economy of the regions of Ukraine. To achieve this goal, changes were analyzed in the specialization of the construction of the regions of Ukraine in 2012-2017 and the volume of construction products. The changes in the specialization of the construction sector of the region's economy were studied by analyzing the structure of the construction products of the regions and the regional structure of Ukraine's construction. In the specialization of the regions of Ukraine by type of construction in 2017, as compared to 2012, the number of areas where construction of buildings predominated has increased (from 10 in 2012 to 15 in 2017), while the number of areas with predominance of specialization on the construction of engineering structures has decreased. The regional structure of Ukraine's construction in the analyzed period was low-digitized. The construction sector of the economy of Odessa, Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk regions in 2017 totaled 38.6% of Ukraine's construction. The development trends of the construction sector of the economy of Ukrainian regions have been investigated through the analysis of construction industry indices in general and in the context of the main types of construction products. The analysis of construction product indices showed a rapid growth of construction in Ukraine in general and the vast majority of its regions in 2016 and 2017. The growth of the index of construction products in general in 2017 took place in 21 oblast - against 9 in 2015. The positive value of the index (> 100%) in the growth of buildings in 2017 was reached in 19 oblasts - against 14 in 2015, and engineering structures - 19 versus 11, respectively. As a result, the study concluded that the challenges of 2012-2015 caused a negative impact on the functioning of the construction sector in the regions of Ukraine. However, the improvement of the macroeconomic and investment climate in the country, as well as the effective implementation of regional development programs in 2016-2017, contributed to the rapid growth of construction in most areas and increased diversification in the area of specialization and regional structure.
construction, index of construction products, buildings, engineering structures, structure
Industry, a technically developed branch of material production, especially requires the use of innovative developments, therefore, there is a need for continuous stimulation of scientific and technological process and ensuring the implementation of innovative industrial projects. The article investigates the current state of innovations at industrial enterprises in the regions of Ukraine. Progress of industrial innovations trends is analyzed. On this basis the fact that realization of industrial products has grown in the last few years, and the share and volume of the realized innovative products has diminished is proven. Zaporizka, Donetska and Kharkivska oblasts were the leaders by the volumes of the realized innovative products, but the largest share of innovations accounted for Sumska, Zakarpatska and Donetska oblasts. So, the concentration of industry in a region doesn’t answer the level of input of innovations. It is set that repressing introduction of industrial innovations for enterprises is typical for the regions of Ukraine, as such projects need the less financing. At the same time, such innovations have less value, because they do not bring in a novelty in industry overall. Amount of industrial enterprises of Ukraine that have introduced innovations new for a market remains very low (in 2016 out of 632 enterprises that had introduced industrial innovations, only 182 had been realizing new for a market innovative products). By the amount of enterprises that had realized innovative for a market products, Kharkivska, Zaporizka and Lvivska oblasts were the leaders among the regions. As a result of research, principal reasons of poor development of industrial innovations in regions are outlined (high cost of scientific development, shortage of professional staff, availability of crediting, lack of information, etc) and the fact that majority of them are based on the absence of financing is proven. Self-finance of innovative activity of industrial enterprises prevails in all regions of Ukraine. Therefore, the ways of stimulation of financing of industrial innovations are offered in regions. In particular, to increase self-finance of innovative projects by means of creation of growth funds; to stimulate attraction of foreign investments in industrial innovations on macro- and microlevels; to develop the informative maintenance in relation to introduction of innovations in industry.
industrial innovations, industrial product, portion of industrial innovations, sources of innovation financing, industrial innovations self financing
Development of Rural Territories and Agrarian Sector of the Economy
The agricultural sector is one of the most important strategic sectors, the development of which primarily depends on providing the population with food products. In addition, this industry is the base for many other activities and can become a powerful catalyst for Ukraine's economic development in the international scene. The article is devoted to the consideration of the general state of agriculture in Ukraine, the prospects and opportunities for the development of this industry, as well as the threats and risks that hinder its effective functioning. The following indicators of the industry, such as volumes of production, sales, average prices, are analyzed. The main factors hindering the development of agriculture in Ukraine are considered. Issues related to governmental support of the investigated sector, its state financing and taxation system are discussed. Important attention is paid to the actual issues of land relations, namely the moratorium. The influence of Ukraine's inception in the EU is assessed and the objective advantages and disadvantages of this process are determined. The tendencies and problems concerning the development of agriculture are revealed, and the ways of the solution of the latter are proposed. Particular attention is paid to the state of relations between agricultural producers and agricultural insurers. In this paper a general conclusion on the state of agriculture in Ukraine is reached and ways of its improvement are proposed. In conducting activities in the field of agriculture, it is necessary to study trends and changes. Such changes concern legislation, demand and supply of products, world market, Ukraine’s international relations, climatic conditions, etc. The state and development of both individual agricultural enterprises and the national economy as a whole depend on how operational and efficient decisions are made. In general, with a competent allocation of resources, Ukraine has great chances to strengthen its position in the global agricultural market and to positively reflect this activity on the country's economy.
economy, agriculture, agricultural sector, exports, agricultural products, moratorium, state support
The European Union member states construct their development according to development plans, programs and strategies of a country, region or certain territory. Elaboration of these important documents requires certain structure, concrete research and stages of financing. With the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement, the latter has gained an opportunity to use certain EU financial instruments. However, it can use such a change only if it develops its strategic objectives and tasks in accordance with mechanisms and goals provide by European Union. Therefore, Ukraine’s major problem nowadays is the fact that strategic documents of the country’s development are formulaic, they do not examine the problems of the regions and their conditions and do not establish the monitoring of efficient operation of the documents. The paper aims to outline the European Union instruments and mechanisms worth implementing in the framework of Ukraine’s cross-border cooperation. The paper presents major documents in Ukraine that influence the operational cycle of programming, in particular the Sustainable Development Strategy «Ukraine 2020», national programs of Ukraine’s development in various branches, strategies of oblasts’, regions’ and the other administrative and territorial units’ development. The interdependence of policy, programs and projects of the EU and Ukraine are shown. Main elements and structure of Strategic document to be adopted by the country are outlined. National Indicative Programs is analyzed with its major elements: global objectives defined on the basis of EU and countries’ development priorities; financial framework in each cooperation sphere, duration and sum of each payment of beneficiaries; concrete goals and expected results for each cooperation sphere, including the major parameters and results of cooperation; methods to identify problems, e.g. gender equality, environmental protection, etc; programs to be introduced in order to achieve global and concrete goals (e. g. macroeconomic and technical assistance, investment, trainings, etc). An example of adherence to EU regulations in the process of programming on the development of the 2020 Strategy of Podkarpackie voivodeship development and 2014-2020 Strategy of Lubelskie voivodeship development, which cover the Ukrainian-Polish cross-border region, is explained.
programming, Country’s strategic document, National indicative program, EU, cross-border region
Environmentally sound use of land resources, efficient rehabilitation of disturbed lands, restoration of soil fertility and maintenance of ecological security of human activity on this basis belong to the priority directions of modern times. It is stipulated by the fact that almost all land resources in Ukraine are covered by an acute crisis to date, resulting in a state suffering great economic, social and environmental losses. The issue of using, preserving, reproducing, optimizing and improving the ecological situation of land resources is becoming more acute. Irrational use and increasing of anthropogenic pressure level on the environment cause significant changes of its ecological state. Therefore, conducting an assessment of the total ecological situation of land resources in the Pustomyty district indicates the relevance of the work. In the course of the study, materials from the form 6-zem and stock materials of land resources department in the Pustomyty district of Lviv region were used. Pustomyty district is situated within the European lowland landscape country by physical-geographical zoning, in the broad-leaved forests zone of Western Ukrainian province (10–15 % North-East) and forest-steppe humid (in the West) and sub-humid warm zone (the rest of the territory). The structure of land fund in the Pustomyty district of Lviv region has been analyzed by categories of its use and intended purpose. The basic geoecological problems of the condition and violations in the use of land resources of the district are discovered, and also measures for their effective use are proposed. Using the methodology proposed by V. V. Medvedev, the coefficient of environmental sustainability, the destabilization factor and the total ecological situation of land resources are calculated. On the basis of these calculations an estimation of the total ecological situation of land resources on territories by administrative formations within the limits of Pustomyty district of Lviv region is carried out.
geoecological problems, ecological assessment, land resources, ecological stability, destabilization factors, general ecological situation
The economic mechanism of subsoil use, which is based on a fee-based basis, is imperfect. The rent for the use of mineral resources for the extraction of minerals must perform distributive, regulatory and stimulating functions, but they are not performed due to the scientific and economic groundlessness of the rates established by the state for this rent, and mining-geological conditions are not taken into account. In fact, the rent does not correspond to the essence of the rent and is only fiscal. Also, in Ukraine there was a disincentive nature protection order of taxation. The purpose of scientific research is to determine the ways of optimizing economic mechanisms of subsoil use and ecologization of mining production. The author's model of the modernized economic mechanism of subsoil use has been developed on the basis of its strategic priorities: economic (value) estimates of mineral resources, including the improvement of the methodology for their evaluation, and the extraction and fair distribution of mining rent, including: the development of a mining rendering methodology that is adequate to economic realities and market conditions, the development of an economic mechanism for distributing mining rent between the owner of the interior – the Ukrainian people and sub-users. An author's methodology for determining the amount of rent payments for the use of mineral resources for the extraction of minerals has been developed. The author proposes to introduce a payment system based on the principle of rent income (it is necessary to deduct the excess profits – the difference between the profits received by the subsoil user and the average profit in the industry or sub-sector in the extractive industry). Such a technique will ensure the differentiation of the corresponding payments and the fairly established amount of rent deduction in the budgets. The application of the methodology for determining the amount of differentiated rent payments for the use of mineral resources for the extraction of minerals will preserve the function of rent as an economic tool for regulating mining relations in the field of subsoil use. The necessity of taking into account risks in the discount rate is established in the course of the analysis of the economic feasibility of investment projects in the field of subsoil use, which is carried out by the method of discounting cash flows. The model of optimized economic mechanism of ecologization of mining production is developed. The article discusses the necessity of introducing incentive instruments of the economic nature protection mechanism, including environmental rent payment (innovations of the author), and others. Concrete proposals for institutional reform of the existing economic mechanism of ecologization of mining production have been suggested. Priority measures of ecologization of mining industry have been established, and its economic mechanism has been improved. It has been determined that in order to stimulate the introduction of the best available technologies, the most effective tool for managing ecological processes in mining is the seizure and fair distribution of environmental rent. The regulation of environmental rent payment (the innovation of the author) should not affect the welfare of the population, since it will be appointed from profit. The substantiation of the strategic priorities of modernizing economic mechanisms of subsoil use and ecologization of mining is a scientific novelty of research.
stimulating economic mechanism, sphere of the subsoil use, ecologization of mining production, differential mining rent, ecological rent, damage from pollution of an environment
The preconditions for forming multi-purpose monitoring of the indicators of the consequences of forced migration in the conditions of the militaristic threats for Ukraine's development are considered. The peculiarities of implementation of such monitoring are illustrated by the example of sociological examination of the problems of integration of internally displaced persons through selected criteria for minimizing of risk-heterogeneity: provision of employment, decent living conditions, social protection, socio-cultural arrangement, neutralization of social tension, stabilization of socio-psychological state. The specific features of behavior of internal migrants, different migration experiences, attitude to ideological and basic sociohumanistic referents, differences of socio-cultural orientations, polarity of views on the future, the most acute social and protective needs are revealed. Diagnosed indicators give the right to confirm the peculiarities of the monitoring setting in the given research focuses. It is noted that formation of the resident population’s culture of a tolerant treatment of migrants will contribute to overcoming of linguistic barriers and, as a result, to development of the unified cultural platform for national, civic identity. Linguistic and cultural policy should become an instrument for shaping the views of citizens, their way of perceiving the world and their own identity on the basis of democratic values inherent to the Ukrainian nation and Ukrainian civil society, as well as freedom and responsibility. The effective development of the mechanisms of integration of migrants into the host society is supposed to direct the policy of internally displaced persons in order to balance the interests of local communities and the need to create decent living conditions and work of the aggrieved persons. The results of the survey can serve as analytical material for substantiating the recommendations when developing social support programs for internally displaced persons at the regional level.
monitoring, consequences of forced migration, risk-taking, migratory risks, internally displaced persons, social protection of migrants
Regulatory and legal framework of social protection of mobile citizens of Ukraine abroad was analyzed in the article. Special attention was paid to the voluntary principle of migrants social protection, according to the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Foreign Labor Migration». Problems and challenges of growing labor migration processes for the national system of social protection of the population were discovered. Most of them lie in the lack of tax revenues to the state budget and contributions to social insurance. The age structure of the Ukrainian population with aging trends and, as a consequence, additional burden on the able-bodied population as a result of migration losses was analyzed. Features of pension provision for Ukrainian citizens, who work or had experience of employment abroad, were uncovered. Comparison of the conditions for obtaining pensions in Ukraine and the countries that are the main recipients of the human potential of our state (retirement age and insurance record) was made. The main ones are manifested in the difficulty of implementing the right to pension provision in the presence of an agreement between Ukraine and the country of employment on mutual social protection and pension provision. The problem is the lack of knowledge and reluctance of migrant workers to take into account their work experience abroad, the frequent practice of formal employment or staying at the State Employment Service of Ukraine and simultaneous seasonal employment abroad. Priorities for improving the pension provision of mobile citizens of Ukraine were substantiated. Particular role is played by the conclusion and practical implementation of agreements on mutual employment, social protection and pension provision. The Agreements on pensions provide two basic principles – territorial and proportional. It is necessary to improve the mechanisms of social protection of mobile workers by overcoming the problem of dual pension provision. Actual in the future is a combination of solidarity and accumulative pension systems.
social protection, pension provision, mobile citizens, labor migration, voluntary, retirement age, insurance experience, international agreements
The article analyzes the main tendencies of development and budgetary provision of pre-school education in the cities of oblast significance of the Lviv region. The question of the effectiveness of educational institutions financing from local budgets is highlighted in the works of L. Benovska, O. Demkiv, V. Nadraha, Yu. Nakonechna, I. Storonyanska, and others. However, the change in the order of budget financing of preschool education, which took place in the course of administrative and financial decentralization, led to the necessity of additional research on the development and financial support of the mentioned sphere at the level of cities of oblast significance. The purpose of the work is to elucidate the peculiarities and problems of development and budget provision of the pre-school education in the cities of oblast significance of the Lviv region; to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of budget financing of this sphere. The article describes the key problems of the development of pre-school education in cities of oblast significance in the Lviv region, in particular, the low coverage of children by pre-school education; lack of pre-school educational institutions and places for them to study and raise children; congestion of groups; lack of competition in the field of state and municipal pre-school education. With the help of economic-mathematical modeling and sensitivity factors, it is indicated that there is a direct link between the main indicators of the development of the investigated sphere and the scope and effectiveness of budget financing of the field of pre-school education. Priority ways to increase the efficiency of budget financing of the pre-school education sphere have been named in order to ensure the growth of the quality of educational services. In particular, this is: 1. Activation of the network of pre-school educational institutions. 2. Prioritization of enrollment in a specific state / municipal pre-school establishment for children registered in the respective territory (district in the city, etc.). 3. Granting priority to enroll in a specific state / municipal pre-school institution for those children whose parents are officially employed and must terminate maternity leave after a child has become 3 years old. 4. Regulation of issues related to the operation of the system of electronic registration of children in institutions of preschool education. 5. Regulation of issues related to the partial compensation for parents for children’s nutrition at pre-school institutions. 6. Search for sources of additional funding other than budget ones. In the context of the limited budget resources, the implementation of these proposals in the long run will allow gradual shift of the emphasis on the implementation of the system of standards, which are approved by the education authorities, to ensure the high quality of educational services in the lower secondary schools.
city of oblast significance, local budget, budget of the city of oblast significance, budget expenditures, pre-school education, financing of preschool education, budgetary provision of preschool education
For several years now Ukraine has been existing in new realities of local governance system reforming; the country undergoes the reform of authorities’ decentralization, the new administrative and territorial units – consolidated territorial communities – are formed, legislation directed at joining the European international treaties are adopted. However, local governance in Ukraine hasn’t yet acquired the powerful and financially capable form of public authority realization. Therefore, increasing the level of local authorities’ independence and providing them with sufficient financial resource to implement their powers are the ways, which are abound to secure regions’ economic growth and establish the optimal relation of state and local budgets in conditions of local governance and authorities’ territorial organization reforming. The paper aims to assess current condition of local budget revenues forming, in particular the influence of interbudgetary transfers on their forming, and to develop practical recommendations to strengthen financial independence of local governments in conditions of financial resources’ decentralization. The paper analyzes current tendencies of local budget revenues forming and influence of interbudgetary transfers on their forming in the context of budget system decentralization. Major directions to strengthen financial independence of local governments are outlined. The following directions to strengthen local governments’ financial independence are defined as the most essential under current conditions of local authorities’ functioning, when their efficient activity is the key to successful development of the overall economic system in the country: creation of budgetary system and interbudgetary relations that correspond to the principles of optimal maintenance of local governments’ development; separation of central and local authorities’ responsibilities in the sphere of granting administrative and social services in order to prevent duplication of their functions and tasks at different levels; extension of own revenues basis of local budgets and therefore strengthening of territorial financial autonomy along with growing responsibility for decisions made at local level. For this matter it is necessary: to renew the model of the system of interbudgetary relations basing it on complete state financial maintenance of delegated responsibilities; to define the sufficient tax basis in order to ensure the exercise of authorities by local governments; to establish full-scale self-governance at the level of oblasts and regions (including through creation of their own executive authorities); to conduct the complex reforming of administrative and territorial structure of the country (including defining of both basic and intermediary and regional levels of self-governance, etc).
financial independence, decentralization, local budgets’ revenues, interbudgetary transfers, local governance
Development of Ukrainian economy is directly related to investment processes, because they constitute the major way of integration into the global economy. Integration process takes places due to capital transfer from one sphere to others, the more perspective and profitable, and exchange of technological innovations and management experience. The problem of investment and investment activity has always been, remains to be and will always be among the core ones. Under current conditions investment is the most important mean to increase qualitative parameters of economic activity at both micro and macro levels, to develop technology intensive and automated production, to provide the conditions of economic crisis overcoming and to bring about structural changes in the national economy. Nowadays efficient investment activity takes one of the key positions in economic development of our country. The paper aims to disclose the nature of national investment activity and to analyze its condition and legislative regulation in order to define the priorities of its activation in Ukraine. The paper discloses the nature of investment and investment activity, defines the current condition of investment activity in Ukraine, outlines the specific problems of investment activity in Ukraine and suggests the ways of its activation. Development of efficient mechanism to attract international portfolio investment through emission of securities and listing of objects to be sold to foreign investors is defined as priority of cooperation with relevant organizations, because the financial resources to pay the debt are not always available. The paper emphasizes that due to destabilization processes at macro-economy level in the context of our country it is necessary to elaborate and implement the range of complex measures to overcome the crisis. In order to activate the processes of social and economic changes and to improve the level of Ukraine’s investment attractiveness public authorities and government should: adhere to active position and conduct positive policy on investment attraction; lobby the interests, programs and projects of both foreign and domestic investors at public level; maintain the transparency and partnership relations between the state and the investor and eliminate the «surprises» in agreements; promote the development of investment market and its integration into the global space.
investment, investment activity, economic instability, political instability, activation
In the article, the scientific and methodological provisions for the formation of matrix of innovation potential and motivation regarding the reacting to a competitive situation that allows entities to implement their choice of development strategy have been proposed. An own interpretation of the concepts of “innovative potential” and “motivation of economic entities regarding the reacting to a competitive situation” has been highlighted. This matrix is formed on the basis of computing of the integral indicator of the innovative potential of economic entities and the integrated index of motivation regarding the reacting to a competitive situation. The matrix consists of four segments and represents such development strategies of economic entity during creation of innovations as active (adoption / development of innovations, active operation at the market), active-passive (active operation at the market or implementation of innovation, change in its scale), passive-active (focusing on the creation and implementation of innovation or ignoring innovation), and passive (low motivation to innovation, slow growth of innovation potential, long time of innovations introduction). In the article, the methodology for calculating the integral indicator of innovation potential for economic entities has been presented. It includes such components as economic, organizational-technical, financial-investment and management components. It also reflects the methodology for calculating the integral index of motivation regarding the reacting to a competitive situation. It includes such components as the growth rate of implemented innovative products, the threat that innovation activity represents to a traditional type of activity, the level of interconnection between the innovation and the existing type of activity and the coefficient of competitors’ reaction as a result of the introduction of innovation. Recommendations to economic entities regarding their behavior in case of choosing the appropriate development strategy have been presented. The use of the offered matrix will give an opportunity to improve quality of administrative decisions and efficiency of innovative potential management by the economic entities in the process of innovative management.
matrix, strategy of development, integral index, innovative potential, competition situation, motivation, innovative activity
Existing of contradictions in terms of selection of foreign economic policy forms by countries is explained taking into account the fact that the country’s customs space is an open system that is substantially influenced by global environment and the countries’ major benchmarks are directed at achievement of sustainable (balanced). The paper mentions that sustainable (balanced) development requires elaboration of new approaches to solution of existing global problems. A customs space at both global and national levels is one of the determinants of sustainable (balanced) development. The hypothesis about the existence of customs space major characteristics’ influence on the indicators that show social, ecological and economic fields of balanced development is offered. Instability of customs space is explained and the multitude of customs space and sustainable development is formed. Conditions and parameters of international trade, characteristics of customs regimes and tariff rates, etc are chosen as the major indicators that characterize the customs space. Sustainable (balanced) development is characterized by HDI, the level of economic growth, social progress, ecological efficiency, global competitive ability, economic freedom, etc. The structure of links and dependence between the variables of both multitudes is determined through the set of instruments of canonical correlation analysis using the STATISTICA package. In the course of analysis the following parameters were calculated: the percentage of indicators of global customs space that determine the variations of sustainable (balanced) development indicators; canonical radicals and canonical scales of the indicators of global customs space and sustainable (balanced) development; overall share of dispersion and overall loses. 10 characteristic and 10 canonical radicals were obtained as the result of calculations. Examining of correlation between the first canonical radical and variables of multitudes thorough defining of their factor structure was conducted. Structural coefficients in both multitudes were analyzed. On the basis of canonical scales analysis in the process of evaluation the variables influencing the weighted sum (canonical variable) for each multitude was found. The equation of new canonical variables was constructed. The chart of canonical variables was built to prove the lack of substantial emissions and U or S-shaped forms around the regression line. Possible groupings of countries of the examined sample are found on the basis of scatterogram assessment.
globalization, global environment, customs space, duty, sustainable (balanced) development
The paper researches major problem aspects of transformation of management instruments and mechanisms’ theoretical foundations in conditions of new economy development. Global tendencies and problems of current stage of new economy forming in the context of European civilization and integration processes are examined. The experience of developed countries is analyzed and major instruments in the process of new economy forming are outlined. Main strategic technological trends that influence structural transformational processes in global economy and provide the forming of high capacity of country’s competitive ability in case of insufficient ICT infrastructure development are emphasized. Concentration of major approaches to understanding of digital strategy oriented at creation of correct conditions for efficient ICT exploitation in order to strengthen social integration in conditions of new economy is explained. New economy rate is calculated for the EU countries. Suggestions over forming of institutional environment, development of contract instruments and mechanisms to improve the efficiency of public regulation and stimulation of economy investment development are provided. Theoretical model of electronic state in conditions of new economy that is bound to secure the improvement of Ukraine’s competitive ability at global market is suggested. The fact that with the view to overcome the problems of «digital inequality» it is necessary to expand special educational programs developed for persons that have never worked with a computer before is proven. In Ukraine it concerns the pensioners, social services’ employees, partially public and municipal officials, residents of remote regions, children from children’s homes, unemployed. It is particularly relevant for the developing countries that aspire to join global informational community. The place of IT-market in Ukraine deserves a special attention as the strategic branch of domestic economy, which can contribute to achievement of relevant competitiveness parameters and overcoming of digital gap between Ukraine and developed countries. Major vectors of investment attraction into the IT development and perspective programs in the branch specialized at software production are suggested in order to improve the quality and science-intensity of educational processes for mass preparation of specialists required by modern science and new economy.
new economy, civilization, global mechanisms, innovative development, digital strategy, science-intensity
The article focuses on the consideration of theories of welfare, as a theoretical basis for determining the essence of the modern consumer market. This is due to the fact that in the scientific researches of the last decades the problem of the historicism of the economy, in particular the market, is considered in the context of the correlation between the industrial and post-industrial epochs, but given that the market (like capitalism) is a tribal sign of industrial civilization in the first place, it is proved that none of the available social theories is suitable for explaining the new post-civilizational relations, it is argued that the science of a post-industrial society is only beginning, and consumption and welfare are two essentially related socio-economic phenomena. According to this, the development of the consumer market is the most important factor in the welfare of both individuals and society. In turn, the welfare theory relating to the study of methods of organizing economic activity, aimed at maximizing wealth, which is a necessary condition for the development of both a separate socio-economic system and society as a whole. The purpose of this article is to study the welfare theories and determine their contribution to the formation of the essence of the modern consumer market. It is proved that the process of forming theories that tried to reveal the essence of well-being, to reveal the mechanism of its creation, occurred within and under the influence of a certain socio-philosophical position that accompanied specific socio-economic conditions of social development. In addition, it was found that at the present stage of economic development, society is moving from the desire to acquire material goods in order to satisfy material needs to the desire for self-expression. This indicates that the needs of modern man are constantly expanding. Now there is a transition from the need to meet the physiological needs for aesthetic and spiritual, which indicates changes in the system of values of society. The transition from permanent to higher needs testifies to the transformation of the consciousness of society members, requires the development of a new approach to the study of processes and phenomena, in particular economic ones, because the traditional scientific approach can not explain the laws of the development of intellectual society. Analysis of the opinions and statements of scientists, leading economists, philosophers showed that despite the popularity of welfare theories, they require improvement and further development.
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