In Ukraine, the effective model of socio-economic development of the national economy that fully reflects its national interests, including economic ones, and serves as the macroeconomic theoretical basis of effective state economic policy, has not been formed and accordingly has not been implemented. Nowadays Ukraine, in rather difficult conditions, defines the purpose and directions of achieving its independent future and chooses the parameters of the socio-economic and geopolitical model of the further development of the national economy, which should become the basis for the functioning of the state in the 3rd millennium. Therefore, in the framework of this study, firstly, the models and types of socio-economic development of national economies of different countries already described in the scientific literature and existing in practice are considered, and secondly, characteristic signs of the existing state of the national economy of Ukraine and the most likely variant of the model of its socio-economic development are outlined. The paper proves the fact that the innovative model of the pre-emptive socio-economic development of modern society and the national economy of Ukraine in particular has no alternative among other models of functioning of the economy, such as, for example, the model of traditional development, model of catching up development, etc. And only the transition of the country to a model of advanced socio-economic development, in which scientific knowledge will be the main source of economic growth, technological innovations and information, can ensure the establishment of Ukraine in the status of a developed state with a competitive economy and will create preconditions for solving social problems. Moreover, the researched best practices show that contemporary history knows no examples of, on the one hand, forming of highly developed, flexible and efficiently functioning economy without market and, on the other hand, highly efficient socially oriented market economy without the leading regulating role of a state. Therefore, the further research will be devoted to examining of theoretical and methodological foundations of forming of the parity of economy state regulation and market self-regulation.
model, socio-economic development, national economy, innovative type of development
The article defines the aspects of conceptual-methodological nature and applied developments as the basis of construction of an imitation model of Consumer Cooperation development in the structure of national economy. Comprehensive analytical planning of the future level of development of Ukraine’s Consumer Cooperation in the structure of the national economy shows the necessity to change the structure of the hierarchy of the problem in order to bring the desired future closer, that is, to bring the logical future closer to the desired one. Prognostication of levels of the functioning of Consumer Cooperation in the structure of national economy is conducted on condition of effective cooperation with a parameter «Government politics» and the use of certain possibilities and prevention of problems impedimental to the development of Consumer Cooperation. It is proven to be a methodological basis for forecasting the levels of development of Ukraine’s Consumer Cooperation in the structure of the national economy and a practical tool based on system analysis of the problem and comprehensive incorporating and using of all the limiting factors, problems and opportunities of all the parameters of the system, all their goals, policies and tasks, all alternatives and opportunities for scenarios of development of Consumer Cooperation of Ukraine. The practical testing of the proposed approach confirms the improvement of the integrated assessment of the generalized scenario (the development of Consumer Cooperation of Ukraine on the basis of harmonization of its interests and the state) 1,287 times. It proves that the purpose of the analysis of improvements has been achieved. The paper identifies the shortcomings of functioning and the factors that affect the level of functioning on the basis of isolation and synthesis of the parameters of the system, their policies and tasks that characterize the development of Сonsumer Сooperation in the structure of the national economy. Certain recommendations for the development of Сonsumer Сooperation at the present stage of its management are suggested.
imitation model, functioning, development, consumer cooperation, parameters of system, scenarios, method of analysis of hierarchies, analytical strategic planning
In the last decades, the terminology regarding the logistic infrastructural objects warehousing property has been applied rather freely in business and professional scientific literature. Therefore, we cannot get an objective assessment of the volumes of warehousing logistics infrastructure market. Various companies provide different interpretation of the objects of transformation centers and market analysis have substantial gaps. The lack of correct actual open information eliminates an opportunity of making right decision on: 1) defining the location spots for transformation centers; 2) synchronization of transport flows with warehousing opportunities; 3) correspondence of qualitative characteristics of transformation centers and the needs of companies operating the material flows; 4) correct calculation of investment indicators by the projects of purchase and/or construction of objects; 5) defining the wax base. In this paper the terminological interpretations of the concepts inherent in the various types of transformation centres, such as logistics centre, distribution warehouses, fulfilment warehouse, terminal, hub, etc, are clarified. Transformation centres were considered in two ways: like objects of real estate and types of economic activities. There is a widespread classification of the warehouses, which divides all types of warehouses in the market of real estate into 4 groups. However, this classification has no legal mean in Ukraine. In spite of this fact, a lot of commercial companies (firstly, retailers and logistics providers) use it for researches of current demand on the warehouses in the different regions in Ukraine. They do it in spite of legal document such as «The classification of the building and facilities of Ukraine». It includes all types of building - living spaces and non-residential premises - and concretizes their definitions. Furthermore, the international companies, which operate as a commercial real estate services firms, use their own classification and definitions of the objects of the warehouses. In such a way, we cannot obtain a right understanding about developing of logistics infrastructure. We have no idea about warehouses that offer services like fulfilment operations or have cross-docking facilities. The real estate firms in Ukraine see such operations not like just activities but like a single part of warehouse property. In the article the objects of warehouse real estate are defined depending on requirements of Ukrainian legislation and the needs of business companies. The conclusions are presented in the form of proposals to solve the abovementioned tasks.
warehouse, transformation center, fulfillment, terminal, distribution center, logistics center, cross-docking
Nowadays tourism sphere as the component of national economy gains increasing importance in Ukraine and is quickly integrating into the global tourism industry. Its development influences such economy sectors as transport, agriculture, communication, construction and trade and is one of the most perspective directions of structural economy reorientation in several Ukrainian regions. However, in order to create efficient tourism product and to provide qualitative tourism services, many tourism companies have to attract additional resources, which can be combined in tourism clusters. Therefore, forming of tourism clusters in Ukrainian regions is of utmost importance nowadays. The paper aims to define the role of trade in goods and services in forming of tourism cluster. The paper outlines the nature of cluster approach to forming of tourism cluster in a region. The structure of tourism clusters in a region is defined. Inter-branch links between companies of various economic activity types that are necessary for forming of tourism cluster in a region are found. Directions of interaction of wholesale-retail trade in goods and services and their role in forming of forest industry cluster are examined. The role of tourism clusters in improvement of regions’ competitive ability is emphasized. Tourism clusters are proven to have all the preconditions to be introduced at Ukrainian territory, where their major aim is to provide qualitative services to consumers. Forming and development of tourism cluster contributes to more efficient use of available resources of regions, improvement of quality and competitiveness of goods and services in tourism sphere and meeting the needs of domestic market, promoting the state policy in the sphere of tourism and resorts. Trade in goods and services takes an important place in forming of regional tourism clusters, as far as the tourism inner economic nature stipulates that a tourist necessarily spends money at the territory of vacation by buying relevant goods and services. Forming of cluster as a specialized organization of tourism sphere development not only boosts the development of tourism companies and those operating within a cluster, but also impacts the economic, social and ecological development of the territory where the cluster is formed, i.e. there is an impact effect from tourism cluster establishment.
Road infrastructure is one of the strategically important elements of regional development, which facilitates access to public services in remote regions, improving business conditions, realizing the tourist potential of the country, strengthening industrial relations between territories and boosts economic growth and trade development. In the conditions of decentralization, the road management system of Ukraine was reformed. The article reveals the essence of road decentralization in Ukraine and its role for regional development. The reasons for the unsatisfactory transport-operational condition of the overwhelming majority of highways are established. The basic directions of reforming of the mechanism of road economy management in Ukraine and features of financing of repair and construction of highways from the State Road Fund are determined. The distribution of funds from the road fund disproportionate to the length of public roads has been confirmed. The mechanism of financing the road sector of Ukraine according to the current legislation has been constructed. The analysis of volumes and sources of financing the repair of highways of general importance in Lviv region and systems of management of road economy before and after the first stage of decentralization was carried out. The volume of financing of repair and construction works of highways of state importance at the expense of "customs experiment" is analyzed. It was established that the reform of the organizational structure of the management of the road economy and sources of financing allowed increasing the number of funds allocated for repair and maintenance of the network of highways of local importance. However, the lack of a new mechanism for managing highways of local importance at the local level and the state monopoly in the field of maintenance of highways hinders the development of funds and repair and construction works. The directions of the road management system improvement in Ukraine are determined: development of private-public partnership in the field of repair and operation of highways; introduction of independent expert and public control over the quality of repair and construction works of highways; compliance of the norms of the functioning of Ukrainian motor transport and road transport with the requirements of EU legislation.
road economy, decentralization, united territorial communities, road fund, local roads, subventions
The paper researches the peculiarities of forming and functioning of business support instruments in a region in conditions of authorities’ decentralization. The research aims to analyze the specifics of application of business support instruments in Ukrainian regions and to reveal the problems and challenges of entrepreneurship sector transformation in this framework. The scheme of classification of the business support instruments is suggested and four basic groups of instruments are defined, in particular: administrative and legal, financial and economic, informational and consulting, social and cultural. Major indicators of entrepreneurship sector development at the level of Ukrainian regions are analyzed. Analysis of methodical approaches to evaluation of regions and their rankings by the entrepreneurship development indicators is conducted. In particular, the paper researches the adapted methodology of World Bank that stipulates the evaluation of the ease of doing business (entrepreneurship activity) across the five directions of cooperation of entrepreneurs with local authorities. The most important directions of organizational and economic development that reduce the problems of institutionalization of business support instruments at regional level are outlined,in particular: introduction of new and substitution of existing organizational and management forms of activity of business support structures; preserving and renewal of staff and management potential; investment attraction and stimulation of economic activity of entrepreneurship sector; introduction of the new forms of funding and assistance to business at the level of communities; promotion of communities’ role in maintenance of entrepreneurship sector functioning in the regions; improvement of information provision and communication between the authorities and business. Efficient institutionalization of the instruments of business support and development in a region should take place on the basis of mesoeconomic approach to the development of the new forms of doing business, which requires further research in terms of substantiation of conceptual provisions of the development of region’s territories through stimulation of entrepreneurship activity of community’s residents and forming of creative local clusters.
business, entertainment, economic tools, support of business, institutionalization, region, Ukraine
The article provides a comparative analysis of the socio-economic progress of the regions of Ukraine and the country as a whole in achieving the goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development Program in relation to reducing the inequality of income distribution among the population. The indicators of inequality of income distribution among the population are considered. Ensuring the availability of social services for households in the regions of Ukraine are analyzed. The the policy of remuneration based on equality and equity across the series of indicators is assessed. Comparison of the income concentration ratio (Gini coefficient) and the average monthly salary in Ukraine and EU member states is done. The share of wages in GDP is another important indicator of income differentiation. In the world, there is a trend towards the reduction of this rate: from 57% in 2000 to 55% in 2015. The same trend is typical for Ukraine, although the absolute value of the indicator is considerably inferior to the rest of the countries. Since 2012, this indicator has decreased from 50.3% to 36.6% as of 2016. Given the low overall wages as a result of low levels of labor productivity, technological backwardness of the country's economy, lack of prospects for proper employment, Ukraine is today one of the largest donor countries in the world. In addition, the trend of outflow of young and highly skilled personnel from year to year only increases. Prevalence of non-economic factors influencing the formation of strategic guidelines for ensuring sustainable development of the country (sharp devaluation of the national currency, unreasonable tariffs for gas, electricity, etc.) has a significant impact on further imbalance of the existing economic system in Ukraine and undermines the population's confidence in possible positive changes. In this year's draft Law on the State Budget of Ukraine for 2019 (from 15.09.2018), the amount of hourly wage is set at UAH 25.13 for 2019, which is more than 6 times less than its lowest level in the EU countries. At the same time, the economic development of the country and its regions should be accompanied by an increase in social standards, a level and quality of life of the population, while ensuring equal opportunities for its access to economic resources and basic services. This is a priority task of the state in solving the problem of reducing inequality and regulating the migration flows.
sustainable development, income differentiation, reduction of inequality, household incomes, availability of services in the social sphere
The article presents the results of comprehensive analysis of the European Union Common regional policy evolution in the field of urban development. The paper deals with the main documents, programs and projects, databases and resources related to sustainable and smart urban development. On the basis of the analysis the place and role of the city in the framework of the Common regional and economic policy were determined. The main directions and priorities of the Common European projects in the field of urban development, their contents and importance for the sustainable development of cities were analyzed. The evolution of approaches to urban development and the influence of internal and external factors on it were illustrated. The actual vision of the urban development mechanism within Community was proposed.
sustainable development, European Union, urban development, Common policies, smart cities
The article presents the current trends of business development on the principles of "Industry 4.0", identifies key challenges and opportunities for new innovative forms of spatial business organization. The unconditionality of the connection of industrial forms of spatial business organization with the processes of modern industrialization is substantiated, confirmed by the practical irreversible technological breakthrough of humanity. The main trends of the dynamics of growth of society digital potential are indicated. First of all, a key factor in the current dynamics of the development of socio-economic systems, namely, the dissemination of the Internet is indicated. Under modern conditions of management, the Internet is no longer seen as a luxury for rich and highly developed countries, but rather as one of the most powerful tools in the history of mankind to overcome poverty and gaps in health, education, and the protection of rights and freedoms. The article argues that the growth of digitalization scales should also be associated with the annual growth of data processing speed, as well as cheaper methods and tools for their storage. One of the factors contributing to the growth of the digital potential of humanity is the transformation of social development into the field of industrial Internet, which combines intelligent machines, advanced analytical tools and control, management, information processing and creativity centers. The article presents the key barriers to digital transformation: internal changes and human factors, lack of investors and insufficient synergies within local ecosystems. The main characteristics of the contribution of the industrial Internet to the world economy and the peculiarities of its distribution in Ukraine are presented. It is noted that the formation of an institutional model and strategy for the development of innovative industrial forms of spatial business organization in Ukraine should be carried out taking into account the current challenges and opportunities that are bearing the modern framework technological trends. Taking into account the exponential growth of innovations in the world to ensure the process of Ukraine's entry into the global high-tech market, the necessity of developing a national technological breakthrough has been emphasized. It also emphasized the need to initiate the creation at national and local levels of innovation, science, education, government and community platforms and innovative forms of spatial business organization to launch such a breakthrough.
business, innovation, entrepreneurship, production processes, spatial forms of business
Infrastructure provision is one of the most important factors in the socio-economic development of mountain areas. The level of security and the state of the infrastructure have a significant impact on the development of entrepreneurship and the quality of life of people in mountain regions. All states that have mountain regions carry out state policy of the development of mountain territories or use legally established approaches to solving certain problems. The infrastructure of the mountain regions is problematic in many countries. Different tools and mechanisms are used in order to address this issue, but in virtually all countries there is an understanding that improving the infrastructure of these territories is the heart of the socio-economic growth of mountain regions. It is also indisputable that, due to the inequality of economic potential, mountain regions are not able to fully ensure self-sustainability and self-financing, and therefore financially supported by the state. The article analyzes the trends and the state of the infrastructure of mountain areas of Lviv region (Starosambirsky, Skolivsky and Turkivsky). The results of the analysis showed an increase in the provision of the population of these territories with the main infrastructure components. In particular, the level of equipment of the housing stock by the water supply system in the years 2000-2016 has increased: in the Skolivsky district by 28.2%, in Starosambirsky - by 27.8% and Turkivsky - by 13.5%. Significant improvement of the housing stock in providing water supply was held in the rural areas of these regions (by 26.1%, by 32.4% and by 14.7% respectively). At the same time, the current level of infrastructure maintenance of mountain areas in comparison with the average oblast indicator is low. This is due to the fact that after prolonged exploitation (over 50 years), a significant part of the water supply networks and the damaged and outdated energy-intensive equipment require replacement. Almost all sewage treatment facilities had been built by 1990, as of today they require reconstruction, and in some settlements - the construction of new ones. The direction of infrastructure development in mountain areas is to increase the investment attractiveness of these regions. The first step in this should be the implementation of a thorough and adequate program for the development of communal infrastructure in a transboundary region and mountainous areas. Within the framework of this program, it is necessary to resolve the issue of the institutional and financial environment for the infrastructure development of these regions.
infrastructure, mountain territories, water supply, housing stock
The unevenness of development and uncontrollability in the unstable macroeconomy of Ukraine led to a significant reduction in production and economic opportunities, which in turn reflected the imbalance between the main components of the socio-economic systems of today's production and economic structures. In the conditions of development of a market economy, the problems of long-term and current planning of activity or opportunities of production and economic structures are coming to the fore. Based on existing approaches to solving these problems in developed countries, first of all, the so-called flexible industrial-economic structures should be formed, which could, at least, adapt to changes in the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to restructure some basic approaches to the formation and development of domestic enterprises, that is, to change the processes aimed at forming their production and economic opportunities. Under the formation of the capacity of industrial and economic structures one should understand the ways to identify and create a list of its business opportunities, its hierarchical structure to ensure effective restructuring and sustainable development. The high dynamism in social development and internal restructuring of the Ukrainian economy led to the transformation of the whole production and economic mechanism of enterprises. This can be traced in the dynamics of the relationship between the components of the production and economic structure: the emergence of new and abandoning of the old industrial and economic relations, reengineering development paths. The peculiarities of the organization of production, technological processes, differences in the characteristics of the final product and resources, for its production, differences in the markets, etc are the basis for analyzing the industry features of the formation of production and economic capabilities of enterprises. Thus, the reform of the production and economic capabilities of enterprises should be conducted using the approaches proposed in the article. This will enable enterprises in the region to restructure and provide optimal production capacity. However, one should take into account the possible emergence of new enterprises in the future for the production of similar products. The problem does not arise here, but one should keep in mind the one-time analysis of all possible placements.
spatial organization of entrepreneurial activity, possibilities of industrial-economic structures, placement of enterprises, spatial economy
The processes of transition from different forms of economic systems are peculiar to any society in different stages of its development. The processes take place in Ukrainian society as well, which is at the stage of dynamic social and economic development. They are the most evident at regional level, where small towns take special place, defining the level of social production, productive forces development and innovation and investment opportunities for the development of a region and a country in general. However, at current stage of complex socio-economic processes there is the need to identify the problems of small towns’ development. The paper aims is to carry out comparative analysis and to provide practical recommendations regarding the development of small towns in Zakarpatska oblast. The comparative analysis of small towns development in the EU Member States and Ukraine is carried out, The specifics and peculiarities of their functioning as local socio-economic subsystems of a region are revealed. The nature of concepts and terminology apparatus is extended and the range of features that qualitatively differ small towns from the other administrative and territorial units are outlined. The recommendations on improvement of legislative basis of functioning of urban-type settlements are suggested. Small towns are proven to be identified as the open localized socio-economic systems that constitute the load-bearing construction of the settlement network in a region with the peculiar mono-branch production structure and small number of core industrial enterprises and objects of social infrastructure that maintain the living activity of population at the relevant territories. Functionally they act as the link between large cities and urbanized territories. They play an important role solution of employment problems at adjacent rural territories, establishment of cooperative relations and integration processes and reduction of depopulation processes. They also impact the labour migration processes to a certain extent. All the abovementioned is the ground for claiming that the further development of small urban settlements and their competitive ability in the dynamic market environment is related to their multifunctional development.
small towns, development, functioning, local territorial formation
Development of Rural Territories and Agrarian Sector of the Economy
The paper is devoted to the problems of rural territorial communities’ development in Ukraine in conditions of modern economic reforms, in particular in terms of priorities of decentralization policy and European integration. The nature of «rural territorial community» scientific category in its theoretical-methodological, historical and institutional-legislative senses is examined. Special attention is paid to legal controversies that create the field for emergence of institutional barriers for rural territorial communities’ development in Ukraine. The paper draws parallels between the principles of rural territorial communities’ development in the EU Member States and Ukraine, contributing to finding major factors of preventing the development of rural territorial communities’ development in our country in current conditions of conducting the administrative and territorial reform. In particular, the destructive impact of excessive decentralization in terms of making management decisions related to the forming of consolidated territorial communities is emphasized. It brings the institutional dysfunctions, in particular the institutional traps, and reduces the efficiency of the use of human and social capital in many rural settlements of Ukraine. Conceptual foundations and mechanisms of rural territorial communities’ development stimulation in the EU Member States are analyzed from the viewpoint of the perspective of their adaptation in Ukraine. The priority of principles of subsidiary, balanced development and multifunctional rural economy is emphasized in the context of enhancing the exploitation efficiency of rural human, financial and natural resources and improvement of the level of life of rural residents and social and economic development of rural territorial communities. The decisive role of institutional, financial, social and informational mechanisms in stimulation of rural territorial communities’ development and adaptation of EU conceptual foundations and social and economic priorities is revealed. On this basis the recommendations for state authorities and local governments of Ukraine on the use of EU experience in rural territorial communities’ development in current Ukrainian realities are suggested. In particular, we recommend securing the transfer to local governments of the sufficient amount of administrative and management liabilities and financial resources in the course of authorities’ decentralization policy, providing the improvement of financial, institutional, transport and informational infrastructure of rural territories’ development and guaranteeing the sustainability of rural development policy.
rural territorial communities, European integration, spatial development, EU regional policy, decentralization of authorities
Solution of the urgent problems of rural areas development in Ukraine under conditions of systemic transformations and the introduction of innovations in the sphere of the rural economy requires significant modernization of the entire system of rural development management. The content, main tasks and functions of innovative development strategizing of rural areas as multifunctional systems are disclosed in the paper. The role of the so-called "school of configuration" (according to Mintzberg), which focuses on the content of strategies, the process of their formation and analysis of the life cycle of the control object, is highlighted. The priority value of strategizing of innovative development in the modern conditions at the regional level is emphasized and the specificity of the institutional design of this type of strategizing is analyzed. The function of synthesis of existing potential and new perspectives of local and regional development and the function of generating qualitatively new resources for diversification of rural development are singled out as the key functions of the strategizing of innovative development of rural areas at the regional level. Special attention is paid to the necessity of coordinating the activities of state authorities, local self-government, scientific and educational institutions, business and public organizations to support measures that promote the activation of innovative processes in the region as a whole, and the feasibility of developing a regional strategy for innovative development. It should stipulate the mandatory allocation of separate block devoted to problems of innovative processes stimulation in the rural areas, in the framework of implementation of the "smart specialization" concept in managerial practice based on the idea of shaping development strategies according to the benefits and potential of a specific region. The authors' suggestions on priority directions of stimulation of innovative development of rural areas in Ukraine at the regional level are submitted.
The article emphasizes the need for an integrated approach in the waste management. It stipulates the development and consistent implementation of the waste management plan, to comply with “the polluter pays” principle, development of the relevant regulatory and legislative framework, etc. The paper points out the failure of the existing waste management system to promote the implementation of not only innovative but also traditional tasks in this area. Domestic system of waste management is oriented solely at the solution of the issues of nature protection. That significantly reduces its possibilities in terms of minimization of wastes flows. The concept of complex waste management suggests the review of traditional approach to solution of the wastes accumulation problem, emphasizing the fact that they consist of different components that require relevant utilization in the most saving and ecologically sound manner. The article aims to determine the theoretical and applied aspects of the formation of an effective waste management system in Ukraine. Current situation with wastes accumulation in Ukraine is in critical condition with further negative tendencies in terms of their storage with relevant ecological consequences. The primitive scheme of waste collection and removal beyond the settlement to the landfill does not correspond to modern view of the problem solution. Domestic waste management system is not capable to efficiently regulate social relations in the sphere and to restrain the pressure of increasing waste flows and maintain territories’ sustainable development in conditions of economic growth. Therefore, in the context of domestic economic system it is more appropriate to use the «waste management» term. In order to form the system of waste management it is necessary to undertake radical changes in line with modern tendencies and the view of waste accumulation problem, in the first place by the review of conceptual provisions in the sphere. The formula for moving towards the development of a modern effective system of governance in Ukraine is considered, the main components of which are the introduction of innovative technologies, European standards and radical system solutions. Introduction of modern innovation technologies, which are successfully operating in European countries, will reduce the consumption of resources and the use of toxic liquids and materials and contribute to recirculation of materials and energy. Meanwhile, the wastes are considered solely as material and energy resources. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the absence of regulating and economic mechanisms in domestic legislation necessary for application of ZeroWaste concept, as far as ten cities of Ukraine intended to build recycling complexes in the framework of Clean City Project and launched the necessary activities in this direction. In order to achieve the EU standards in this sphere it is important to maintain ecologically sound waste management, practical application of Polluters Pay Principle, adherence to proper hierarchy of management, separate collection of wastes, development of regulating basis for waste flows of specific nature. The consistent implementation of a clear strategy for dealing with waste, the formation of a responsibility institution, the creation of organizational and legal conditions for the investment attractiveness of the waste recycling industry will contribute to the establishment of an effective national waste management system.
Modern education requires new technologies, forms and innovations able to provide high quality of specialists’ preparation. Educational establishments that prepare personnel try to take into account the requirements of producers in the course of personnel preparation and to adapt the content of educational programs and plans of specialists’ training to innovative processes occurring in industries. There is a range of unsolved problems in organization and execution of students’ practical training programs, which aggravate with complicated economic conditions the higher educational establishments operate in. Available legislative basis that regulates relations between higher educational establishments and enterprises, organizations and institutions regarding students’ practice does not correspond to modern situation. Labour market dictates the need for the review of traditional approaches in the system of education. When business representatives hire staff, they are interested not in the format of graduates’ «knowledge», but rather in their readiness for professional activity. Therefore, the major task is to improve the system of preparation of modern professionals and to provide successful adaptation of graduates to professional activity. To provide professionals it is necessary to introduce the dual educational system, where the schedule of educational process is divided by cycles of theoretical and practical trainings, which is the most efficient type of educational process organization. The paper aims to show the current condition of dual educational system in Ukraine and abroad and to define its impact on the improvement of staff capacity quality. The paper characterizes the role of dual educational system in the improvement of staff capacity quality. Peculiarities of the development of dual educational system in some counties are examined. The connection of theory and practice in the preparation of professionals is determined. The ways to introduce dual education in educational establishments of Ukraine and the measures in legislative field are outlined. The factors of dual education’s impact on migration processes in Ukraine are examined. The need to introduce new approaches to organization of staff training based on social partnership of companies and educational establishments is emphasized. The system of dual education in Ukraine is suggested.
The paper proves that the scale of the shadow economy in the monetary and credit sphere of Ukraine is significant and it increases the threats to the financial security of the state due to the insufficient filling and irrational use of budget funds at all levels, the critical growth of domestic and foreign public debt, the instability of the functioning of banking institutions, their bankruptcy along with loss of the financial resource by economic entities and the population, the "escape" of capital, the formation of a quasi-insurance system, the operation of currency speculation, indicating the breadth and inclusiveness of the shadow penetration practically in all components of the financial security of the state. These factors are proven to be leading to the loss of monetary policy efficiency due to the significant amount of money that is not subject to regulation, as well as the effectiveness of fiscal instruments, reduction of tax revenues to the budget, outflow of capital and destabilization of the currency system, deterioration of the investment climate and reduced opportunities. The following priority instruments of the state policy of depilation of the monetary sphere have been identified: in the monetary sphere – development of the infrastructure for making cashless payments, increasing the level of security of non-cash payments, increasing financial literacy of the population; with the use of companies with signs of fictitious capital laundering – joining the Common Reporting Standard, the implementation of the BEPS (Base Erosion and Profit Shifting) projects, providing access to accounts of non-residents, joining the International Interagency Convention on the introduction of the status of foreign controlled companies, the introduction of a tax on international speculative transactions; on the securities market - the introduction of a single state register of issued bills, increased requirements for securities issuers, settlement of transactions for the sale and purchase of bills by insurance companies; in the foreign exchange market - the expansion of the possibilities of using currency swaps, the development of instruments for currency risk insurance, the development of the derivatives market, primarily futures, improving the methodology for assessing the withdrawal of capital outside the country, reducing bank restrictions.
financial security of the state, monetary policy, depilation
The article is devoted to the substantiation of theoretical and methodical principles and practical recommendations regarding the potential of territorial communities’ financial and economic formation in the context of local self-government reform. The approaches to the definition of "territorial community" focused on development of territorial community as a subject of economic development of the territory are analyzed. In order to determine the directions of activating the Ukrainian territorial communities’ financial and economic potential in the context of local self-governance reform, the development features of territorial communities in the EU countries during the period of decentralization and administrative-territorial reforms were researched. The main characteristics of local self-government were investigated. The models of local self-government organization were studied. Institutional, systemic and structural organization of local self-government was analyzed. Special attention was given to certain aspects of its development and reform. The experience of its functioning and development in the given states was summarized and the conclusion of possibility of its application in Ukraine was given. The research showed that the main directions of local government reform in the EU countries were: the change of the administrative-territorial structure in the direction of the administrative-territorial consolidation units of the base level, as well as the powers redistribution and financial resources for the local self-government benefit. It is determined that the administrative-territorial organization peculiarities of local self-government in the EU countries depend on the local level of financial resources and powers should be fulfilled by local self-government bodies. In terms of the research the crucial role of the territorial community’s endogenous financial and economic potential, which ensures its economic development, was identified. This article presents the role of local governments in supporting entrepreneurship development. The content of the article presents the factors which foster activities undertaken by local authorities to promote entrepreneurship and also shows different considerations of when the supporting instruments are in use. It indicates potential of possible changes in local policy on supporting entrepreneurship. The article sets out areas of possible improvements in policy when stimulating economic activity by local authorities.
territorial community, financial and economic capacity, administrative-territorial reform, local economic development, decentralization
The choice of the innovation strategy, the selection of ideas, which are the best means of implementing the strategic innovation goals of business entities, requires the allocation of varieties of innovations and their implementation in the case of selecting the best innovative strategies and the rejection of outdated innovation. The methodology to choose the innovative strategy of economic entities’ development is offered. This methodology is based on a system of indicators and calculation of integral indicators of the enterprises’ innovative activities: innovation intensity, risks of innovation, strategic innovation capacity. The formulas for calculating integral indicators of risk assessment of economic entities innovation activity, the intensity of innovation activity, strategic innovation potential has been presented. In the calculation method for the indicated integral indicators it is necessary to conduct an analysis in accordance with the proposed indicators of innovation activity and to evaluate the indicators of the base period of the activity of the investigated economic entity or degree of their deviation from the normative, or on the basis of expert assessments in case of absence of quantitative information on the organization’s activities. The system of indicators for choice of the business entities’ innovation strategy, characteristics of innovation strategies, indicators and scale of innovation strategy selection as well as interpretation of integrated indicators assessment have been proposed. The innovative strategies for the business entities development include the following types: active generator strategy; active innovator strategy; active simulator strategy; active and passive strategy of the innovator; active-passive strategy of the simulator; passive simulator strategy; active conservative strategy; active and passive conservative strategy; passive conservative strategy. Suggestions for choosing innovative strategies for the business entities’ development have been proposed. Proposed indicators of the selection of the innovation strategy indicate a certain level of quality control by each of the considered component. This approach provides the solution of practical problems of business entities in case of different innovation implementations and gives them the opportunity to become activators or full participants in the innovation process.
The research study examines the smart city concept on the basis of the multilateral analysis. We have outlined the principles of the smart city concept and distinguished the most efficient recommendation in terms of upgrading the traditional status-quo in order to create an innovative and technological urbanized unit. The smart city definition embraces innovative technologies adapted by public utility companies to improve cities, enhance their efficiency and provide transparent relations between the city council, the business and the public. A special emphasis is placed on smart transport and transport infrastructure. Time- and cost-efficient transport contributes significantly to the provision of city planning. We have outlined and described in detail the indicators of the modern innovative city based on the existing principles of smart city. Information is regarded as the most important resources of the modern digital era. Informational exchange between separate economies provides a noticeable momentum for their sustainable economic development in terms of quantity and quality. A society based on information technologies is considered a highly developed social unit following the trends of globalization. At this point, the all-embracing implementation of information and communication technologies is a prerequisite for the development of a modern smart city. Information and communication technologies provide full-value real-time relations between the community and the authorities. Such feedback serves the latter as an efficient indicator to improve public administration techniques and select the most appropriate approaches to administering a smart city. Specifically, applications designed for portable computer devices provide timely communication between the public and the municipal utility services to address ongoing and especially urgent issues as soon as possible. The implementation of innovative technologies provides cost-effectiveness that is of vital importance for preserving environment and promoting sustainable economic development. We suggest that reaching and maintaining high productivity as to the indicators described above means following the global tendency towards efficient resource utilization and environment preservation efforts. Comprehensive computerization provides a momentum for strengthening control over scarce resource management.
smart city, innovation management, smart city concept, smart-economics, e-government, rational resource utilization
The main objective of the paper is to investigate the economic essence of innovation, the peculiarities of their application in the agro-industrial sector, to determine the degree of innovation activity of agrarian enterprises and the role of innovations in the agrarian sector, to determine the most effective innovations in the AIS. The areas of the agro-industrial sector are as follows: 1) production of means of production, 2) raw materials, 3) processing sphere, 4) infrastructure of agro-industrial sector. The commodity structure of foreign trade is presented. Principles to be followed by the enterprise, that has begun an innovative way of development for receiving positive results in the form of profit and increase competitiveness and the efficiency of activity, are formulated as following: – balance of external and internal development opportunities and their adaptation to the needs of the enterprise; – operational adjustment of the management mechanism according to changes that have already occurred or are predictable; – independence in the exchange of resources between the elements of the production and sales system of the enterprise; between the enterprise and the surrounding environment. Areas and stages of enterprises are outlined, including the 4 areas: 1) operational activities, 2) financial activities, 3) investment activities, 4) innovative activities. The main factors of influence in AIS are described. Stimulating innovation will contribute to addressing a number of important macroeconomic issues. Thanks to innovations it is possible to achieve the state of food security of the country and to increase the profitability of enterprises. At present, three main groups of innovations in the agro-industrial sector can be distinguished, which will increase energy efficiency and autonomy of the industry: 1) innovations in the field of environmental management and resource conservation; 2) chemical-genetic innovations; 3) IT-technologies. In our opinion, it is necessary to strengthen state support for innovative development of the agro-industrial sector. Therefore, it is expedient to allocate funds to create high-efficient alternative sources of fuel; technologies of production of diagnostics of plant diseases. It is necessary to increase the share of know-how and technology acquisition agreements, exclusive proprietary rights to inventions, industrial designs and utility models. Own participation in the development will increase the AIS stability and the stability of economic development.
innovation, agroinnovations, development of agro-industrial sector, innovative development, innovation activity in AIC, agro-industrial enterprise, innovation activity
Reforming of the system of local governance and administrative and territorial structure in Ukraine aims to create the new powerful ground for territorial development. It is about the redistribution of functions in the sphere of public governance, deconcentration and decentralization of liabilities between the state and local authorities and budget decentralization. Current market economy conditions and consolidation of financially incapable territorial communities generate qualitatively new administrative and territorial units – consolidated territorial communities, which merge the economic capacities, creating opportunities for newly created local governments to solve more complicated socio-economic development tasks. However, even in case of absence of own sources to finance territorial development and poor development of productive forces at the territory of a community, it is able to activate financial processes by foreign investment. The reform of local governance in this context opens new opportunities for local governments to attract additional funding through extension of their functions in the sphere of territorial organization of economic processes and development of community’s economic capacity. Therefore, the issue of forming and management of territorial community’s investment capacity as the component of its economic capacity through creation of favourable internal conditions in a community to attract investment becomes of utmost importance. The paper aims to analyze the mechanisms of the endogenous factors’ influence on activation of the use of territorial communities’ investment-innovation capacity in Ukraine in conditions of local governance reform. The mechanisms of the endogenous factors’ influence on activation of the use of territorial communities’ investment-innovation capacity in Ukraine in conditions of local governance reform. The nature of investment capacity is outlined. Endogenous factors of forming and use of territorial community’s innovation capacity are defined. Main indicators of endogenous factors of forming and development of territorial community’s investment are specified. The regions are divided by the share of foreign investment in the period of administrative and territorial reform.
endogenous factors, investment, innovations, local governance reform, territorial communities
The present state and regularities of trade and economic cooperation between the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are analyzed in the article. The trends of certain customs and tariff regulation aspects of the Ukraine-EU foreign trade development in 2016-2017 are determined, its problems and perspectives are clarified. The comparative regularities, quantitative and qualitative indicators of the Ukraine-EU foreign trade turnover in 2016 and 2017 are calculated. The expediency of the main commodity groups of Ukrainian exports to the EU countries is substantiated. The share of EU countries in goods and services trade with Ukraine in 2017 is calculated. The share of EU countries in the foreign trade turnover of Ukraine is determined. The use of certain EU tariff quotas in the framework of an in-depth and comprehensive Free Trade Area is analyzed. The regularities of modern customs and tariff aspects of Ukraine's integration into the European economic space are proved. In the context of the European Union (EU) transformation and the globalization processes intensification, the role of tariff regulation of trade and economic cooperation in the system of international economic relations is increasing. This study is particularly relevant in the context of the Association Agreement functioning and the deepening of the Free Trade Area between Ukraine and the EU, as well as the implementation of the Eastern Partnership Program. It should be noted that Ukraine's trade and economic cooperation with the EU provides an opportunity to carry out economic integration and systematic measures to reform the national economy within international cooperation. The establishment and functioning of the Free Trade Area is primarily concerned with exporters of Ukrainian products, since this will enable the rational implementation of trade and economic activities on the domestic market in the future. It is worth mentioning that the system of customs-tariff regulation has its own specifics of application, but the general regularity is that customs relations are dominant in integration processes. They are the indicator that characterizes the level of real readiness of countries for integration or testifies to the declarations of countries regarding the internationalization of economic life. The purpose of this article is to identify the main trends of customs and tariff aspects of Ukraine's integration into the European economic space.
commodity export and import, foreign trade turnover, economic space, integration, commodity group structure, free trade area
The aim of this article is to describe the effectiveness of the education process of people with disabilities in terms of the division into the types of higher education and taking into account the territorial division in 2014-2016. On the one hand, the research group of the analysis consisted of aggregated data for particular types of schools, and on the other – summary data for individual provinces. Empirical research was carried out using advanced instrumentation in the form of a non-parametric DEA method for the needs of which four analytical models were specified. Finally, the results allowed to compare the level of education effectiveness depending on the type of higher education and within provinces, and, in both cases, rankings were created depending on the results obtained.
effectiveness, DEA method, people with disabilities
The paper defines the economic-urban planning relations in the development of cities in the historical context, in particular: the genesis of economic sphere of global civilization’s societies is defined and the directions of economic views of various historic periods are characterized; the impact of economic factors on conditions of location and spatial organization of a city in various historical periods is revealed and the links between economic and spatial factors in the city development are determined. The historical-logical method was used for the research. Economic-urban planning relations of the cities of Ancient World, Middle Ages and other periods are analyzed, in particular: the system of methods, instruments and forms of state impact on socio-economic processes in cities, masterful use of space specifics and its organization in cities. The set of methods and instruments oriented at solution of tasks of cities’ spatial and socio-economic development is outlined. The features of economic policy and peculiarities of approaches to organization of cities’ economies in various historical periods as well as the contribution of various civilizations into the cities’ economic structure and space organization are emphasized. The paper proves that polis socio-political organization of Greek cities turned out to be more flexible in solution of economic issues than socio-political organization of centralized Eastern despotisms. Compared to the primitive society, the ancient nations took a huge step forward in their developemtn, however the destructive military policy and the «flaws» of forced labour caused the collapse of the states. The Middle Ages developed the elements of economic policy that served as foundation for further economic development of European cities, although the forms and nature of their manifestation differed depending on economic, natural and cultural traditions of the cities’ development areas. In the period of market economy, the relations between capital and labour showed the spatial structure of the cities, the functioning-planning infrastructure and socio-economic relations, etc were formed and the condition of environment and architecture was determined. The paper confirms the dependence between socio-economic processes and spatial feature of cities. On one hand, cities’ development depends on economic foundations – forms and sources of capital, system of pricing, fiscal policy and state’s participation in economic processes, and on the other hand – localization, natural conditions and distance define the spatial differences of cities and processes in them. Availability of systemic effects in terms of harmonization of socio-economic and territorial dimensions is proven.
city economies, history of economy, economic theory, urban planning policy, economic-town-building relations
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