Ukrainian markets function in modern market environment, which requires high level of socialization, stimulation of regional development initiatives, forming of regional competitive ability and presentation of economic advantages. Taking into account the abovementioned, the methodics of evaluation of economic development processes in the regions in conditions of socialization should be the developed and implemented in particular detail. The research aims to substantiate main methodical approaches to evaluation of regions’ economic development processes in conditions of socialization. The examined certain methodical approaches to evaluation of region’s development level in conditions of socialization do not allow thorough evaluation of major criteria, in particular comparability of economic efficiency and social justice in GDP distribution, maintenance of reproduction of socio-economic system and its socio-economic security and level of regions’ competitive ability. The paper emphasizes that Ukraine needs targeted policy on reduction of territorial disparities in distribution of economic and social resources among regions. Methodical approaches to evaluation of region’s economic development processes in conditions of socialization are analyzed. Methodical approaches to evaluation of the processes of regions’ economic development in conditions of socialization are analyzed. Rankings developed by the UN are proved to be the most socially oriented. Although it is worth mentioning that UN action plans do not contain specific mechanisms to implement the declared principles and priorities, because each country should separately adapt global objectives to available opportunities of their achievement at regional level. The analysis of development priorities that have been offered to the countries in the last 25 years shows that majority of them remain to be unachieved. It means that there aren’t efficient mechanisms to regulate regional economy in the way that natural resources regenerate, citizens’ rights expand, living standards increase and new types, forms and combinations of production create economic opportunities for further generations.
region, level of development, socialization, economic development, efficiency
A trade, along with industry and agriculture, is among the main types of economic activity in Ukraine, with one of the largest shares in gross value added – 15.7 per cent in 2016 (vs. 16.9 in 2014). The key indicator of the development of trade is the index of the physical volume of the retail trade. It indirectly reflects the purchasing power of the population, the level of supply and demand balance for consumer goods by price and quantitative parameters, the socio-economic situation of the country or the regions. The latter proves the role of trade as a socially important segment of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to assess the dynamics of development indicators and structure of retail commodity circulation in Ukraine in the context of food and non-food products and their origin. As the dynamics of the index of physical volume of retail trade turnover showed, in 2017, the trade grew in Ukraine after its fall in 2012-2015 as a result of the influence of monetary and non-monetary factors. The positive value of the index of physical volume of retail trade turnover was reached in 20 regions vs. none in 2015. There were changes in the structure of retail turnover. The predominance of growth in the sales of food products for non-food products in 2017 was recorded in 11 regions vs. two in 2016 and 23 in 2014. In the regional structure of Ukraine’s retail trade turnover (in terms of value terms), in 2017 the highest shares were occupied by Dnipropetrovsk (11.0 per cent), Kharkiv (9.86%) and Odesa (9.56%) regions. There was a reduction in the weight of trade in the national economy – its share in gross value added in 2016 amounted to 15.7 per cent vs. 16.7 in 2012. The decrease in indicator occurred in twenty two regions, of which the most significant (more than 5 percentage points, pp.) – in Donetsk, Transcarpathian, Lugansk and Lviv. Ukraine is characterized by the tendency towards the constant increase in the share of imports in the retail trade turnover. During 2005-2017 the growth of this indicator amounted to 18.2 pp., in particular, food products – 8.7 pp. and nonfood – 25.0 pp. Among the regions in 2017, the highest share (more than 50 per cent) of the share of imports in the retail trade turnover was in the Vinnytsia and Odesa regions, while the lowest (more then 40%) was in Sumy, Chernihiv and Kirovograd regions. The further author’s research will be devoted to further analysis of the trends and the search for the effective mechanisms for the implementation of the state policy of import substitution.
index of physical volume of retail commodity turnover, structure, food and non-food products, trade, share of imports in retail trade turnover
The aim of the study is to create new forms of cooperation in tourism in order to achieve the common goals of sustainability in tourist destinations. Combining enterprises in different forms from a regional tourism organization to a tourist cluster will allow full use of the potential and opportunities for developing the region as a spatial system, taking in consideration the specifics of the tourism industry. The main feature of the association is the territorial limitation (affiliation), the determining factor in the formation of a regional tourist product is the availability of tourism potential within a particular area (namely, the necessary resources: natural, architectural, recreational, human and other). From the point of view of strategic management, the collaboration of tourist destinations can significantly increase its level due to the symmetry of interaction. In this manner, we understand the collaboration of tourist destinations as the process of joint activity of economic (at the level of separate economic entities: accommodation establishments, catering service, rent, etc.), and management organizations - regional tourist organizations, cluster associations) for achieving the set goals in the development, formation and promotion of innovative competitive tourist product. The article gives details and description of each element of the "Vitamin 4C" model in tourism (collaboration, cooperation, communication, coordination) on the example of the National Tourist Organization. The authors generalize approaches to understanding of collaboration in tourism, including the organizational, project, network and ecosystem approaches. The latter contributes to defining of the value of natural capital for the development of various types of recreation activity.
The article focuses on the development of a methodical approach to assessing the contribution of social responsibility of business to the results of socio-economic development as an economic system of any administrative-territorial entity (city, district, region) and national economy as a whole. The principles the organization and carrying out of this assessment should be based on are outlined, and the main stages of it are described. The authors emphasize three approaches to the assessment of corporate social responsibility of particular business structures. The paper indicates that corporate strategy for the development of business structures should meet and contribute to the achievement of the main goal, which stands both for the system as a whole and for the subsystem located in the hierarchy of management at a higher level. Taking into account that the main objective of the socio-economic development of the national economy of Ukraine in the conditions of the formation of a post-industrial society is to increase its competitiveness and growth, it is absolutely logical to define priority strategic tasks, which will determine the direction of social responsibility measures of business and its contribution to socio-economic development. In order to assess the contribution of particular business structures to the results of socio-economic development of the economic system or of the administrative-territorial entity or national economy of the country as a whole, it is necessary to use a system of three groups of indicators that reflect: economic, budgetary and social effects. The paper proves that the calculated indicators make it possible to compare different structures of business in terms of their contribution to the development of the local community and society as a whole and promote the growth of their image, both in the authorities, and among the population of the region and the country as a whole.
social responsibility, business, forms of social responsibility, assessment, national economy, economic system, socio-economic development
The crisis of modern management paradigm of development in agrarian economy sector shows itself in the inability of society to traditionally solve new tasks faced by economic system, which is bounded by biosphere scales. It is in the first place about the establishment and compliance with certain parameters of agricultural enterprises’ economic activity, in particular removal of resources used for production of goods and their reproduction; distribution of social branch product and distribution of property, etc. Results of the research presented in the article confirm the existence of the crisis of anthropocentric paradigm of social development, which requires revision of the methodology of complex systems management. Unfortunately, the emergence of new concepts for managing the development of agricultural sector of the economy ("sustainable development", "balanced development") showed the weakness of their theoretical and methodological basis, which conditioned the continuation of scientific research in the direction of forming a more adequate management paradigm. The research, the subject matter of which is the management of certain sectors of the economy harmonious development, in particular, agrarian ones, are prospective within this context. Even initial scientific investigations in this direction indicate the existence of a complex of problems of the agrarian sphere development, associated with the harmonious proportions violation of system structures. The hypothesis, that bringing the parameters of structural elements to harmonious proportions can give impetus to the development of the agrarian economics system, is formulated. The research confirms the crisis of anthropocentric paradigm of social development that requires the review of the methodology of complicated systems’ management. New management concepts of agrarian sector development («sustainable development», «stable development», «balanced development»), unfortunately, show the weakness of their theoretical and methodological background that causes the ongoing scientific research concerning the most adequate management paradigm. The author proves that the new proportions under structural and functional changes either correspond to the law of golden-section search that means harmonious (progressive) development, or deviate from this organization rate considerably, causing regression.
development, agricultural sector of the economy, harmonious development management, harmonious proportions, management system
Current transformations in Ukraine take place on the background of structural macroeconomic misbalances. National economy failed to renew and achieve the level of 2008 in the decade of 2008-2017. It testifies to the existing of recession and stagflation. Introduction of advanced technologies that would be the drivers of transition of national economy to the new technological structure significantly constrain the low paces of capital investment and accumulation of fixed capital. Restoration of fixed capital plays an important role for structural transformations in national economy of Ukraine. The problem has achieved almost the critical level in the country. The level and dynamics of innovative processes development are the indicators of the country’s economic condition and perspective opportunities of national economy transformation. The analyzed trends show that the efficiency of innovative activity does not correspond to the requirements of maintenance of innovative development of national economy in Ukraine and scientific research and developments were not funded in 2008-2017 in the amounts established by Ukrainian law. The paper emphasizes the need of monetary expansion with the view to boost national economy growth. Transformation of national economy based on innovative and technological development is not possible without the country’s proactive approach to the governance of national innovative activity, improvement of institutional mechanisms of maintenance of development and transformation of the architectonics of innovative development governance system. Based on the conducted analysis that shows the critical level of national economy development one can argue that Ukraine has to change its approach to transformation of national economy.
national economy, innovative development, structural transformations, Gross Domestic Product, capital investment
The analysis of the definition of the concept "social security of the territorial community" shows that there is no its normative definition in Ukraine. Authors outlined the social security of the territorial community as its state, which ensures the protection of vital interests of the territorial community and its effective functioning and sustainable development. The basic requirements for the provision of social security rights are set out in the International Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights, the European Social Charter (revised), the Constitution of Ukraine, the relevant internal social standards, the Statutes of the territorial communities. However, today's social security systems are largely aimed at guaranteeing a certain level of quality of life, but do not take into account the behavioral component of the territorial community as a social system, the priorities of sustainable development, and therefore require additional study and improvement. Social security is a component of national, economic security. An analysis of changes in the legislation and regulatory framework of Ukraine during the last years testifies that the social component of national security in legislation is somewhat offset. The Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine "On the Concept (Fundamentals of State Policy) of National Security of Ukraine", the Law of Ukraine "On Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine" (which are invalid nowadays) positioned the social doctrine as an integral part of the state national security policy. The Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine" does not explicitly provide for the obligatory social component of the state national security and defense policy, nor does it necessitate the development of an appropriate strategy (doctrine) of social security. Understanding of social security of a territorial community exclusively as the protection of social rights and freedoms of its members is limited and requires a wider interpretation taking into account the subject-object status of a territorial community in the system of socio-economic relations.
social security of territorial communities, resources, regional policy, national security, criteria
The article analyzes the theoretical principles of functioning of the capable territorial communities. The scientific approaches to the interpretation of the categories "territorial community" and "capacity" are generalized, and on this basis it is proposed to consider the capacity of a territorial community as the availability of conditions (financial, infrastructural, personnel), the ability to ensure the proper level of public services and community development in the process, to assess and leverage potential for capacity building. The parameters of the capacity of a territorial community are determined according to the subject membership, elements of functional capacity and criterion signs of capacity achievement. It is important to distinguish between the capacity of a territorial community, firstly, as the ability to provide public services, and secondly, as opportunities for its socio-economic development. In view of this, evidence of the achievement of the goal of a functioning of a territorial community should primarily be the sectoral indicators for providing public services. Another important direction of capacity assessment is parameterization of the signs of community development. The author proves that opportunities for strengthening the capacity of territorial communities are based on the identification and utilization of their potential (investment, economic, managerial, financial, human, capacity of public participation) and are determined by increased levels of efficiency, quality and availability of public services, as well as community development in the long run. The conceptual foundations for strengthening the capacity of territorial communities based on the community-based approach, the essence of which identifies the strengths of the community and ensures its development, are outlined.
The nature of “city economy structure” as the component of city economy as a system is outlined. The types of city economy structures are characterized across the key features, including the type of activity, space, sector, functions, technologies, management, reproduction, foreign economy, components and social parameters. The paper analyzes modern methodical approaches to examining of transformations in economic structure of cities. They are divided into several groups by the links with scientific research: systemic, dialectic, evolutionary, activity-oriented, interdisciplinary. Major aspects and indicators of evaluation of transformations in sectoral, spatial and type-of-activity-wise city structures are defined based on the review of foreign experience. The paper proves that it is hard to fully evaluate the type-of-activity-wise city structure due to the lack of statistical information and focus of existing methodics on industrial economy sector. The author hypothesizes about the possibility of existing of a reference model of type-of-activity-wise city structure and priorities of characteristics of city economy progressive structure: optimality, rationality and efficiency. Efficient evaluation methods are defined for each approach. They are divided into quantitative, qualitative and complex. The features of the use of each group of methods, their advantages and opportunities for evaluation of transformations in the city economic structure are outlined. Based on foreign experience, the author defines general features of modern structural policy of the development of cities, which lie in determining of main economic activity types that are the drivers of structural transformations, orientation on new technologies to achieve technological breakthrough in sectoral economy structure, defining of directions of support of human capital competences’ transformation, understanding of new challenges stipulated by new types of economic activity in the city and readiness to operational response as well as defining the cyclical laws of city economy transformation related to institutional development cycles.
city economy structure, structural transformation, methodical approach, type-of-activity-wise structure of economy, spatial structure of economy, progressive structure of economy
The importance of tourism for economic, social and cultural development of any country becomes more relevant with each year. Tourism is one of the most growing economy spheres that shows the dynamics and scales of coherent social and sustainable development of civilization. Many countries, provinces and regions have achieved the complex socio-economic development and the development of tourism economy. The tourism market parameters provided by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) for 2017 show that over 1.3 billion persons managed to undertake at least one trip to another country. Tourism grew by 7% compared to 2016. Therefore, the global economic input of tourism sphere accounted for 8600 billion USD (11 % of global GDP). The dynamics of touristic flows of Ukraine and Poland are analyzed and on this basis, the trends of tourism sphere development in both countries are defined. The rates of dynamics of foreign tourists in Ukraine and Poland in 2011-2017 are outlined. The top ten countries, which generate most tourists, are determined and the dynamics of the number of their arrivals in Ukraine and Poland is examined. The share of foreign tourists across regions in Ukraine and Poland is calculated. The paper argues that the visits of foreigners are of different nature and depend on territorial affiliation of a certain region, i.e. its geographic location and historical significance. The processes of development of regional tourists markets in Ukraine and Poland across the infrastructure of tourists’ accommodation, namely the hotels and hotel facilities, are examined. The author proves that complicated conditions of doing business in general and tourism business in particular and insufficient and outdated infrastructure are among the most important factors hampering the development of tourism services market in Ukraine. Comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland in this matter testifies to this. The lack of necessary investment for tourism development – both internal and external – is another problem of tourism development.
hotel facilities, means of tourists’ accommodation, foreign tourists, tourists market, tourists flows
In recent decades the research of regional markets as he objects of regional economy is very relevant, because the development of competitive Ukraine’s economy is not possible without efficient development of each region with its economic capacity. Regions of Ukraine are characterized by uneven socio-economic and ecological capacities. Therefore, individual approach has to be applied to the development of regions, improvement of its attractiveness for investment in its economy and engaging residents in cooperation with region’s institutions for its active development. Thus, the research of regional markets contributes to defining of its functioning efficiency and development level. The paper aims to examine the development of regional markets in Ukraine. The paper emphasizes the defining of regional markets as the objects of regional economy in conditions of maintenance of Ukrainian economy’s competitive ability. Scientific approaches of foreign and domestic scientists to definition and theory of regional markets’ functioning are examined. Among the theories of regional markets’ functioning, we consider the following ones: theory of location of production; theory of market capacity and spatial interaction; concept of geomarketing; institutional concept of regional development; theory of markets economy of М.-F.-C. Allais. The author’s understanding of “regional market” based on the conducted research and generalizations is given. Major functions of regional markets are presented in two groups: indirect and direct. Classification of regional markets across the defined criteria is suggested. Peculiarities of regional services markets compared to other defined types of regional markets are explained.
regional market, functions of regional markets, regional services market, classification of regional markets, service
The processes occurring at national and regional food markets are specific regulation objects. In conditions of European orientation of Ukrainian economy, forming of the system of food provision as the function of relevant market is accompanied by numerous transformations. We can observe gradual transition from traditional paradigm of food provision to modern approaches to its understanding. The evolution continues as far as Ukraine solves the problems related to high instability of agricultural production, fluctuation of prices and income, monopolization of adjoining industries, high food dependence of certain regions and low purchase power of population in general. The situation urges the state represented by authorities of different levels to influence the participants of food provision system, meeting their interests without causing destructive consequences for other socio-economic systems. The paper aims to outline the problems regarding the development of the concept of regulation of the system of regions’ food provision. The concept should reveal the major idea, objective, goals and tasks of state impact on the system and form the principles of its regulation in the long-term perspective. It is necessary to conduct efficient reforms, develop efficient programs and plans to provide the region’s population with access to qualitative and safe food products.To solve the defined tasks the following methods were used in the paper: analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, dialectic approach. The need for state regulation of the system of region’s food provision as an important segment of food market through the relevant policy is emphasized. The paper proves that quality of life, economic security of state and regions and competitive ability of domestic agricultural producers at global markets depend on the balance and efficiency of the system of food provision. Food system faces the impact of various factors of environment; therefore, a state as an institution has the direct liability to take care of population and food security. The paper develops and substantiates the concept of regulation of region’s food provision, which corresponds to major regulating and programming-strategic documents of central and regional levels.
The paper explains the relevance of the research of market capacity forming at regional food market. The author emphasizes that food enterprises play an important role in creation of value chains providing the whole technological cycle of agricultural raw materials processing and are active participants in foreign trade of a country. In order to evaluate consumer capacity of regional market of food products, it is important to not only predict the realization of its entities’ opportunities but also to find the interrelation between the factors of socio-economic development of the region and market consumer capacity. The impact of the range of factors on consumer capacity of food products market in Lvivska oblast is analyzed. The impact of the factors of stimulating and disincentive nature on consumer capacity of the region under research is analyzed based on the methods of economic-mathematical modeling, in particular the equation of linear multiple regression. The results of regression modeling confirm the dominating impact of the level of regions’ economic development, consumer prices for food and changes in households’ incomes on the volumes of realized food products in Lvivska oblast. They also confirm the disincentive impact of imports on the development of food market in the region. The dependence of the market under research on the imports of food products can be explained by geographic location of the region and disincentive price policy regarding the domestic products. The research revealed the range of factors that do not impact the consumer capacity of the food market in Lvivska oblast. The author emphasizes that consideration of these factors is important in the view of possible relevance of decisions made regarding the strengthening and elimination of their impact. For Lvivska oblast, they are average wages, population, aggregate consumer expenses of households and change in the volumes of households’ expenditures. Such situation proves the importance of price policy at the market of food products of the region in case that the share of food expenditures in the structure of consumer expenditures of households remains the dominating one.
The purpose of this article is to study the essence, the main principles and peculiarities of management of transboundary water resources (TBWR), to elaborate the concept of management of TBWR, to substantiate the expediency of coordinated management of TBWR by countries sharing a transboundary water basin. The study of national water resources management issues has received considerable attention from foreign and domestic scientists. At the same time, the scientists' contribution to the study of the essence, the basic principles and peculiarities of management of transboundary water resources remains insignificant. The article substantiates the relevance of research on the basis of TBWR management by the worldwide prevalence of such resources, growing needs of the population and the economy in qualitative water resources. The objectives of TBWR management should be defined in three components: social, economic and environmental. In order to achieve the objectives, TBWR management actors at interstate, national and regional levels are expected to implement general (forecasting, planning, organization, motivation, coordination and regulation, control) and special (rulemaking, monitoring, data collection and analysis, ecocontrol, eco-expertise, accounting and cadastre, stimulation, evaluation of efficiency) functions. The main system-forming principles of TBWR management are outlined. According to the results of research analysis, an integrated approach within the river basins is determined. The necessity of application of ecological principles of economic regulation of use and protection of TBWR is substantiated. The tools for implementing the functions and principles of TSVR management are determined. The article also explores the factors that contribute, or hinder or impede the realization of TBWR management objectives. The realization of TBWR management goals will help increasing social and economic well-being of the population of neighboring countries, supporting ecologically safe environment, promoting further expansion and improvement of international cooperation in various spheres.
transboundary water resources, management, transboundary water resources management, TSVR management concept
On the basis of the expert sociological survey, the authors have analyzed the problems of Ukrainian citizens’ living and working abroad. The authors argue that in recent years the priorities and migration orientations of the expert group have changed in favour of the Western European countries, in particular, Poland and the Czech Republic. The paper proves that in 90% of cases, Ukrainians referred to intermediaries (usually individual persons and employment agencies) while arranging their first visit abroad. At the same time, they gained both positive and negative experience of such cooperation. Depending on the form of the migration process organization (independently or via intermediaries), a number of economic and organizational risks of Ukrainian migrants’ employment abroad concerned the delayed processing of documents for emigration, problems with settlement at the place of arrival, unsatisfactory working conditions in the destination country, lower salaries, hidden commissions for intermediary agencies, etc. The assumption concerning immaturity of the market of migration services in Ukraine was confirmed by the experts claiming that quality of organization of the labour migration process via intermediaries did not always depend on the cost of their services. Moreover, the paper confirms that the ‘shadow’ segment of this market is actively developing, as well as new schemes of unfair or illegal mediation are emerging in Ukraine. In this situation, it is necessary to raise the awareness of the population on issues of living and working abroad. It is also obligatory to increase social responsibility of intermediaries by motivating them to secure legal provision of migration services through the information support of those entities that carry out activities on legal grounds (marketing of legal migration services). Another way to improve the functioning of the market of migration services in Ukraine concerns the strengthening of information and analytical support for abroad employment intermediation. In this context, it is necessary to elaborate an interactive map of intermediaries by the regions of Ukraine showing the detailed information on their activities, in particular, their types and official status, a range of services, ratings, and etc. Permanent monitoring of the situation is considered to serve as the basis for developing a national concept of the market of migration services taking into account regional peculiarities of its implementation.
migration process, labour emigration, market of migration services, employment intermediation, social responsibility, expert survey
The article outlines the peculiarities of functioning of the territorial organization of education system (preschool and school in particular). The authors emphasize that the transformational processes taking place in the territorial organization of pre-school and school education require the search for consensus-based solutions while seeking ways to improve it and ensure equal access to quality education. The paper proves that the principle of accessibility, which includes non-discrimination of education, physical and economic accessibility, is an important principle of the development of the state education system. Equal access to quality education, which in the conditions of modern reforms places additional responsibility on local governments, is the main criterion for improvement of the territorial organization of preschool and school education. The basic principles of functioning of the territorial organization of the system of preschool and school education in other countries are considered. The basic problems, which determined the necessity of optimization of educational establishments in the region, were determined. One of the main problems was the demographic crisis, which resulted in the growth of small-scale educational institutions and increased financial expenses for one student's education. The author proves that the quality of educational services in the region negatively affects the problems of material and technical provision of educational institutions, in particular the possibility of obtaining specialized education. Creation of a network of reference educational institutions as centers for quality and accessible education is the tool for improving the quality of the educational process in rural areas. The main problems encountered in the formation of a network of reference schools are identified, among them: the slow process of establishing foundation institutions, lack of their financial support, lack of necessary road infrastructure for organizing the safe transportation of pupils from places of residence to places of study, absence of employment programs (retraining), etc.
territorial organization, system of education, support institution, education reform, equal access to quality education
Nowadays the mechanism of innovations management is one of the weak segments of organizational-economic mechanism of national economy regulation in Ukraine. In market economy conditions innovations are supposed to promote intensive economy development, secure accelerated introduction of most recent achievements of science and technology in production, provide extensive meeting of consumers’ demand for various high quality and competitive products and services. Innovations should play especially important role in the tourism sphere, because global practice shows that tourism industry is second only to extraction and processing of gas and oil by the profitability and dynamics of development. The article focuses on the exceptional importance of tourism development, for the whole world economy, and for the Ukrainian economy in particular. And given that the current conditions of fierce competition, economic and political instability require the tourist industry to adapt constantly to rapidly changing external conditions, and the ever-increasing needs and demands of tourists, as well as the saturation of the tourist market and require tour operators to constantly seek new types of tourist products, opening new directions, etc., it is possible to state the necessity of introducing an innovative direction of development of the tourist industry and the actual choice of the subject for research. Innovations in the field of tourism have been shown to be aimed primarily at the formation of a new tourism product, new approaches in marketing activities, as well as the application of new management methods using IT technologies. In addition, the paper emphasizes that it is necessary to understand that innovations in tourism, technology, economics, management and social sphere are interrelated, and in order to introduce innovations in the field of tourism, changes need to be made in other areas as well. The transition to innovation in the tourism industry is a complex process involving both citizens-consumers of services and government agencies, as well as travel agencies and enterprises of the tourist industry, whose activities are governed by regulations in the field of tourism and innovation activities.
tourism, innovations, innovative direction of development, tourist sphere of activity, tourist services
The article focuses on the need for state regulation of innovation, using such modern tools as crowdsourcing, crowdfunding and blockchain technology. The conditions for the implementation of crowdsourcing in the framework of the concept of open innovation are outlined and promising opportunities for its use are identified. The author proves that crowdsourcing is a necessary tool for implementing public-private partnerships, as it allows for systematical ensuring of continuous interaction between all stakeholders of innovation activities, solving tasks of accelerating and cheapening innovation activities, as well as mobilizing, concentrating and developing human resources within the framework of the joint information space, the creation of which is the main task of the state. The use of crowdfunding as a means of attracting capital on a voluntary basis via the Internet to support individual innovation projects is a promising tool for state regulation of innovation, as it allows small innovative enterprises and start-ups to raise funds for projects. In turn, the task of the state is to create an appropriate Internet platform and to support it with the participation of intermediaries and a moderator. That is, it allows to raise capital through network platforms for new innovative projects by attracting contributions from a potentially unlimited number of interested parties. The paper proves that introduction of blockchain technologies provides the openness of information support and development of confidence in the domestic market of innovative products and the state as a whole, In addition, blockchain technologies can help combat corruption in the country, using fundamentally new opportunities for implementing e-government, namely, due to decentralized data storage, electronic voting and electronic document management.
state regulation of innovation, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, blockchain
The article examines the foreign experience of using analysts in the banking sector in order to strengthen the financial stability of banks in a modern, changing and dynamic business environment. In the national scientific and special economic literature, the issues of the use of banking analysts remain practically unprocessed. The results of the analysis of the stability of the banking sector have confirmed the sufficient capitalization of banks under the conditions of the basic macroeconomic scenario. At the same time, financial institutions must build up capital to have a safety margin in case of a crisis. In 2018, stress testing of the largest banks revealed that about half of the financial institutions under review may require additional capital in a deep-seated crisis. Financial institutions without a sufficient margin of crisis in case of a crisis must fundamentally restructure their balance sheets and review the business model. The most promising technologies for investing in the banking sector are determined based on the data of the world's companies: cloud technologies, data and analytics, mobile technologies. Since the term "analyst" has not been interpreted in the domestic literature, the authors’ vision of this term is formed. Thus, the term "analyst" is: 1) the process of detecting, processing, interpreting data, identifying patterns and forming models (templates) with their subsequent transfer in the use of special information technology in order to make effective decisions; 2) information obtained as a result of carrying out analytical operations with the help of special information technologies, which will be used as knowledge, models of behaviour for making scientifically substantiated decisions. According to the results of the study, methods of using prognostic analytics in the banking sector have been identified, which will help to strengthen the financial stability of banks. These include: fraud detection, data validation, customer involvement and retention, knowledge of consumer habits, cross-selling, collection, cash planning and liquidity, marketing optimization, customer lifetime, feedback management.
Currently Ukraine has a considerable capacity of tourism sphere. Ukraine has over 3000 tourism enterprises, the activity of which is related to touristic services and tourism industry in general. The paper aims to examine theoretical aspects of the management of tourism enterprises’ development. The authors examine the nature and features of the management of tourism enterprises’ development. Main tourism services provided by tourist operators and tourist agencies are studied. The paper outlines major elements included in the management of tourism enterprises: general management, management of enterprise’s structure, management of certain types of activity (finances, marketing, innovations, etc). The peculiarities of management of tourism enterprises are determined. The paper examines main components of economic security of tourism enterprises (security of a consumer of tourist services, security of producers if tourist products and providing tourist services, security of destinations). Securing of stable and most efficient functioning and high development capacity in the future is proved to be the major role of economic security in management of enterprise’s development. The authors emphasize that tourism enterprises should develop specific activities in compliance with Ukrainian legislation to ensure security of tourists and sightseers participating in travels, hikes and competitions and prevent injuries and accidents as well as should bear responsibility for accomplishment of those activities. Creation of efficient system of the management of tourism enterprises’ development will contribute to efficient decision-making in current changing conditions regarding the elimination of negative impacts of external and internal factors that constrain the innovative activity of tourism enterprises and will promote their economic development and bringing the services quality closer to European standards.
In the article, the methodical principles and practical methods concerning the application of the basic provisions of synergetics for the study of systems’ self-organization are explored. The expediency of forming a bifurcation model for simulating changes in the processes of the life of the systems, in particular, for the enterprises of the sphere of communication and information, is outlined. The laws of the evolution of the sphere of communication and information of Ukraine are traced and the nature of the evolutionary movement is established. On this basis, three critical periods (bifurcation points), during which the most significant recessions occurred in the investigated sphere, are defined. The factors that determined bifurcation disturbances and positive structural changes in the field of communication and informatization are determined. The main institutional problems that contribute to the development of communication and informatization in critical periods (bifurcation points) are systematized. They include: international, economic, political, social and technological. They have different content at different points of bifurcation. A number of internal problems of the sphere of communication and informatization essentially influencing the activity of enterprises are generalized, including the emergence of organizational and technological problems of network operation; low management efficiency; uneven supply of consumers with telecommunication services; problems with access to emergency services for the population at temporarily uncontrolled territories; lack of systematic and coordinated action in design, construction, reconstruction, modernization; mass and systematic damage by the intruders of subscriber lines; unresolved issues regarding network neutrality when providing access to the Internet. The analysis of bifurcation points at the enterprise level is carried out and the causes of the largest crisis periods of the enterprises under study in terms of the dynamics of incomes are determined. Measures to increase the entropy and exit of communication and informatization from the next point of bifurcation, namely the creation of information security management system and improvement of mechanisms and means of information protection in the information and communication infrastructure, are presented.
bifurcation, model, enterprises, sphere of communication and informatization, problems, crisis phenomena
Contractual practice of enterprises forms a significant part of the economic activity of enterprises of all organizational and legal forms. Contracts that contain warranty provisions require particularly thorough study, as warranty repairs require the collateral. Adoption of international financial reporting standards is a necessary step for the use of business language in investment activities. With the adoption of IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers”, accountants faced the task of careful examining of the contract provisions. Agreements with the provision of warranty repairs and other similar costs for after-sales service have special conditions. In this regard, it is necessary to review certain conditions for the warranties in accounting in accordance with the criteria for recognizing revenue and criteria for recognizing obligations. The purpose of the paper is to consider the peculiarities of guaranteeing the identification of warrantees in the context of IFRS 15, which provides a five-step model for recognizing revenue from contracts under which the provision of a guarantee service is provided. Five-step model for revenue recognition involves the following steps: the definition of an agreement with the customer; definition of fulfillment of obligations under the agreement; determination of the price of the contract; allocation of transaction price for commitments to execution; recognition of income when each obligation is fulfilled. When assuming a guarantee obligation, an entity shall establish a provision in accordance with international financial reporting standards. The amount of maintenance is established on the basis of professional judgment either in the fixed amount, or as a percentage of the income from the sale of products (goods) for the selected period. The benefits of collateral provision lie in the uniform distribution of costs and the corresponding pricing policy. The detailed scheme of analysis of contracts with clients, including those providing warranties for delivered goods, is presented.
warranties, obligations, IFRS, contracts with customers, revenues from contracts with customers
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