In the article, the existing variety of terms of "efficiency" and "performance" is structured and the features of each concept and the differences between them are defined. The article proves that it is necessary to divide the categories "performance" and "efficiency" for trade enterprises. Each of them has an independent value, equally important for the evaluation of their activities, and can not replace another concept. The authors prove that in a market economy, when the results of the work of some market actors depend on the clarity and coherence of the work of other actors, the problem of efficiency becomes decisive. The article argues that the key to the success of any enterprise, including commercial ones, lies in the continuous improvement of the efficiency and performance of their activities, systematic analysis, development and implementation of measures aimed at increasing its efficiency and performance. The approaches to assessing the efficiency and performance of the enterprise, which most fully cover the key criteria for assessing the efficiency and performance of different enterprises, are analyzed. Despite the obvious differences below the described approaches, they do not exclude each other, but only characterize the operation of the enterprise from different sides. These approaches are based on certain indicators by means of which the analysis, comparison and evaluation of the enterprise is carried out. The authors prove that this system of indicators is not ideal and does not take into account all characteristics of trade enterprises, which influence the efficiency and performance of their activities. Therefore, they suggest expanding this list, adding such indicators as an indicator of the overall assessment of the economic profitability of a trade company, the indicator of the effectiveness of the use of retail space and indirect indicators of profitability.
Nowadays the mechanism of innovations management is one of the weak segments of organizational-economic mechanism of national economy regulation in Ukraine. In market economy conditions innovations are supposed to promote intensive economy development, secure accelerated introduction of most recent achievements of science and technology in production, provide extensive meeting of consumers’ demand for various high quality and competitive products and services. Innovations should play especially important role in the tourism sphere, because global practice shows that tourism industry is second only to extraction and processing of gas and oil by the profitability and dynamics of development. The article focuses on the exceptional importance of tourism development, for the whole world economy, and for the Ukrainian economy in particular. And given that the current conditions of fierce competition, economic and political instability require the tourist industry to adapt constantly to rapidly changing external conditions, and the ever-increasing needs and demands of tourists, as well as the saturation of the tourist market and require tour operators to constantly seek new types of tourist products, opening new directions, etc., it is possible to state the necessity of introducing an innovative direction of development of the tourist industry and the actual choice of the subject for research. Innovations in the field of tourism have been shown to be aimed primarily at the formation of a new tourism product, new approaches in marketing activities, as well as the application of new management methods using IT technologies. In addition, the paper emphasizes that it is necessary to understand that innovations in tourism, technology, economics, management and social sphere are interrelated, and in order to introduce innovations in the field of tourism, changes need to be made in other areas as well. The transition to innovation in the tourism industry is a complex process involving both citizens-consumers of services and government agencies, as well as travel agencies and enterprises of the tourist industry, whose activities are governed by regulations in the field of tourism and innovation activities.
tourism, innovations, innovative direction of development, tourist sphere of activity, tourist services
The article focuses on the consideration of theories of welfare, as a theoretical basis for determining the essence of the modern consumer market. This is due to the fact that in the scientific researches of the last decades the problem of the historicism of the economy, in particular the market, is considered in the context of the correlation between the industrial and post-industrial epochs, but given that the market (like capitalism) is a tribal sign of industrial civilization in the first place, it is proved that none of the available social theories is suitable for explaining the new post-civilizational relations, it is argued that the science of a post-industrial society is only beginning, and consumption and welfare are two essentially related socio-economic phenomena. According to this, the development of the consumer market is the most important factor in the welfare of both individuals and society. In turn, the welfare theory relating to the study of methods of organizing economic activity, aimed at maximizing wealth, which is a necessary condition for the development of both a separate socio-economic system and society as a whole. The purpose of this article is to study the welfare theories and determine their contribution to the formation of the essence of the modern consumer market. It is proved that the process of forming theories that tried to reveal the essence of well-being, to reveal the mechanism of its creation, occurred within and under the influence of a certain socio-philosophical position that accompanied specific socio-economic conditions of social development. In addition, it was found that at the present stage of economic development, society is moving from the desire to acquire material goods in order to satisfy material needs to the desire for self-expression. This indicates that the needs of modern man are constantly expanding. Now there is a transition from the need to meet the physiological needs for aesthetic and spiritual, which indicates changes in the system of values of society. The transition from permanent to higher needs testifies to the transformation of the consciousness of society members, requires the development of a new approach to the study of processes and phenomena, in particular economic ones, because the traditional scientific approach can not explain the laws of the development of intellectual society. Analysis of the opinions and statements of scientists, leading economists, philosophers showed that despite the popularity of welfare theories, they require improvement and further development.
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